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Izinkomba ezibalulekile zokuhlukuka kwezikhokelo zokuvulula nokuthinta kwazo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngempela
Ukuphazimula, ukudlala kwezinyawo ngokungafanele, nokuhambisana kwemoto
Xa izikhumba zokuvula zibegina ukufa, kuzoba kunezinkinga zokuthumela i-voltage kuma-spark plugs, okubangela ukungafanisi kwekuphakanyiswa kwemithambo yomoto ngaphandle kokuba umoto uyasebenza ngokukhulu noma uyaphakanyisa. Izinkomo zokubonwa ziyabonakala kahle: izimoto zihlambulula, zihlambulula ngokushesha (abantu abaningi bavakho lokhu njengokuthwasa kwe-steering wheel xa umoto usetshenziswa), futhi kukho ukuthwasa okuphikisayo xa ubhala ipedali yomoto. Izimoto ezinamaphepha e-turbo zizothuthuma izikhathi eziningi zokugcina okuyithuthuma kakhulu kwezikhumba zokuvula kusukela ekunqamuka kwezikhumba zokuvula. Izirhabo zezindustria zibonisa okuphikisayo ngempela—ngokwesikhathi esingaphansi kwezimbili zezintathu zezinkomo zokuhlambulula zokuhamba kwezindawo zasemhlabeni ngo-2023 zazisuswa ngokungafanele kwezikhumba zokuvula ngokwesiphetho sokuchaza esitholakile kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenza emakhaya kwenhlabathi. Uma abadrayiveli bahluphele lezinkinga ngokuphakade, ukuhlambulula kucatshangelwa kakhulu kuthumela imithambo engafanisiyo kwi-exhaust system. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi i-catalytic converter ibe yinkhulu kakhulu futhi ishwe kabanzi, okubangela ukuthi kubhekwe amakhanda amaningi ekuphumleni.
Ukuphakama, Ukuthatha isikhathi eside ukuzoqala, nokuvulwa kwe-Check Engine Light
Xa izikhumba zihlwaye kabusha, izihlathi ziyahamba ngokuphambuka kahle noma ziyavimba ukusuka kabusha. Lokhu kuyasebenza kakhulu kusukela ekuseni esibomvu ngoba umfula uyakwenzela ububi kwe-insulation ngaphakathi kweminyaka. Isistimu sesikhuba sesihlathi sifunda lezi zinkinga zokuhlanya kanye nokubeka isithombe sokuchekwa kwe-engine, okuhlela amakholi okuchekwa phakathi kwe-P0351 no-P0358 ukuze kubonwe iphi indawo yokuhlanya engayiziphilile. Kodwa lokhu kukhona: lezi zikhombiso azisibonisi konke. Abamekhaniki bakhuluma ukuthi kabusha kunezinkulungwane ezine zezishumi zokufika lapho bafuna lezi zikhombiso zesi-P035x, kuyabonakala ukuthi kuyisidingo esinye, njengokuthi izipaluke zezinkulungwane ezingadala noma izihluzi ezinomthelela, akukho zikhumba zokuhlanya ngokwesiko ngokubhalwa kwe-ASE yomnotho wase-2024. Kuyamangaliswa ukuthi ukubonwa kwezinkinga zokuvimbela kuyisidingo esibalulekile. Ukunqoba ukuthi kuzobonwa ngokungafanele kungazikhipha umuntu emaphakathini futhi kungakwazi ukwenza ububi kwezinto ezingabi ngezinye, njengokuthi isikhuba se-catalytic converter ngokugcina.
Iziphumo Zesibili: Ukuphela Kwemali Yokusebenza Kwesitha Neukuthula Kwezinhloso
Izifaulti Zokuvula Ezikhona Ngokuphambuka Kuzoba Kuzimelela Amathuba Okusebenza:
- Ukuphela Kwemali Yokusebenza Kuphela Ngama-15–20% , ngoba i-ECU iyengeza isitha esiningi ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa kwesitha
- Ukuphakanyisa Kukhula ngoba kunezinhloso ezingavamile zokufaka emshini
- Amacatalytic converters ayadlula ukuthinteka kwezinye izinhloso, okusiza kubona ukuthi kubizwa ngamadola angu-$2,000+ ukubuyisela
Amabhasi engeyisilungiso esikhundleni sesikoleli asihlala amathuba Okusebenza Akhulisa Ngama-23% ngeminyaka eyodwa yokuqala yokubhekana nesibonelo, ngokwesifundo sokuhlanganisa iziphumo.
Izizindlela Zokuphula Kwe-Ignition Coil
Ukuphula kwe-ignition coil kufika kakhulu kusukela ekuthinteni kwemoto kanye nokuthinteka kwesikhathi—loba kabili kubhekisa ubukhulu bekuphula komthwalo kanye nokuthinta kwezinkulungwane zomphakathi.
Ukuthinteka Kwemoto Kanye Nokuphula Kwemoto Yasezinsukwini Zemoto
Kodwa izimoto zihlukaniswa kahle futhi izidingo zokusebenza zihamba ekhupha, izintemperetsha ngaphakathi kwesikhumba sezimoto zihamba ekhupha. Kuzoba kungani? Kuyinto leyo yonke yokuhlanzwa nokuhlala kwezintemperetsha eziyisikhathi eside kubonakala ukuthi i-epoxy resin insulation ibe yinkanqane ngokuphelele, futhi kubonakala ukuthi izikhalo zezincobho zihlukana. Ngemuva kwezintemperetsha ezingu-150 Fahrenheit (okufanayo no-66 Celsius), izibhakabhaka ezincinci zibonakala. Lezi zibhakabhaka zivumela ukuthi ivoltilejhi ephakeme ishwe, ikhona kakhulu kuma-coil osebenthe kusuka emaphakameni amaningi njengezintemperetsha ezinkulu noma izi-turbochargers. Isidingo esiphambili sibonakala kodwa umsebenzisi uhlakuleka ngoba lokhu kukuphakama kwezintemperetsha nezinhlobo zokusebenza ngokwesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi kubonakale izimisfire ezizigqamile ezinokuthi zingabonakali xa izimoto zihlala kahle, okunokuthi kubhekwa ngokuvamile.
Ukugcinwa Kwemithambo: Izivoltilejhi Ezinokushwe, Ukungatholakali Kwemithambo Yokuqondisa, Futhi Ukuchitha Kwemithambo Yokuxhumana
Kodwa izinkinga zokusebenza kwezikhathi ziyasebenza ngokufanayo eminye imithambo. Amasurji okukhula ngaphezulu kwe-40,000 volts ayisemthwakweni wokubhala kwesikhathi esidala noma kwezinhlobo zokugqamisa eziyizihlukanisi zokuthinteka kwezinhlobo zokugqamisa, futhi ziyagqamisa amathuba okuphatha kwezinhlobo zokugqamisa. Ukungafakwa kwe-frame yomkhumbi kwezindawo zokugqamisa kuyabiza ukuthinteka kwezinhlobo, okuyabiza izikhumba ukusebenza ngokuphelele ukuze zithumele amavolt angaphezulu. Ukuthinteka kwezindawo zokugqamisa kuyabiza ukuthinteka nokusuka kwezinkambo ezibonakalayo kumakhombo amaningi. Okusho kahle kuyisilingo sokuvalela kulesi sikhathi—lezi zinkinga ziyadala umgudu wokuvalela kuphela, apho izinhlaka ezihlukile ziyadala intshabalalo nekuthinteka, okuzoba kuchitha konke ngokushesha kunezinto zokubona.
Ukulinganisa Kuhle Kwezikhumba Zokubhala: Izinketho, Izindlela, Nezinkinga Ezinokuthinta
Ukuvumela Amakodi We-OBD2 (P0351–P0358) Kunye Nokuthi Kuyaphila Kuphi
Amakodi P0351–P0358 ayasho ukuthinteka kwezinhlobo zokugqamisa kwezinhlobo zokubhala zezinhlobo zokubhala—kepha ayingakuthola ngokuphelele ukuthi izikhumba ziyahlukile. Ngokulandela ukuthenga kwe-2019 kwe-SAE International, 35% yamacode ase-P035x ayavakha kubuhlebhu obukhona kwe-harnesses okungahlelwa noma amaplug ase-spark angafanele , akusiyo izikhundla zokuphatha okungafanele. Izinkundla zokuphatha okungafanele eziphakathi kuzo ziyashiyelwa ngokuvamile:
- Ukuthi izindlela zokuphatha zokugcina izivinini (voltage spikes) zokufa kwe-alternators njengokuphatha kwesikhundla sokuphatha (coil malfunction)
- Ukungakhathalisi ukungafanele kokuxhumana kwe-ECM okuchaza ukuphatha kwe-circuit yokuphatha (coil circuit faults)
- Ukuchaza izicode zokungafanele kwezilungu (P030x) njengamacode ase-circuit yokuphatha (P035x)
Ukubona Ngokwempilo: Ukuzimisa Ukuzimisa, Ukuchaza Ukuphatha Kwesikhundla Sokuphatha (Spark Gap Analysis), nokuguqula Ngokulandela Izingxenye
Izikhodi zesithombe esizwele kakhulu zidinga ukuzwakalisa ngokugcina ukuze kubhekwe ngokuphelele. Ukusebenzisa i-multimeter ukuzama ukuthi izinkambo ziyisiphi kusobala ukuthi izinkambo zokuphatha (windings) ziyisiphakade - ngokukodwa kwe-0.3 ku-1 ohm kwezinkambo zokuphatha zokwesibili, futhi ngokukodwa kwe-6k ku-15k ohms kwezinkambo zokuphatha zokwesibili ngokwesikhundla sokwenza izinto. Uma kubhekwa imibuzo yekhampu yocingo (spark gap), ukusebenzisa isithombe esisikhetwe ngokuphelele (calibrated tester) kubonisa izindawo ezingaphansi kwezindlela zokuhamba kwesithombe (weak discharge points) uma kufakwa umthelela (under load conditions), okunqoba ngokuvamile ukuthi kunezinkinga zokugcina (insulation problems). Kodwa indlela yezintandokazi (old school approach) iphumelela kakhulu emagumbini amaningi: ukuguqula izikhundla zezikhundla zokuphatha (coils) phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezikhundla zokuphatha (cylinders). Uma izikhodi zokungafani (misfire codes) zifolwa ngokuphatha (coil) ekhundleni lalo elisha, bakanjalo siyabona ngokuphelele ukuthi yini na okuyisilingo esiphilayo.
| Indlela Yokufaka Ingxaki | Isivinini Sokuthembeka | Izinkinga Eziningi Zokugcinwa |
|---|---|---|
| Ukuhlola Okunempilo | 82% (ASE 2022) | Ayikwazi ukubonisa izinkinga ezizigxila, ezihlukene ngokwehlanzela (intermittent, heat-activated failures) |
| Ukuchaza Kwenkampu Yocingo | 91% | Kudinga izithombe esizingeni lezinye, ezingathembekiwe (specialized, calibrated equipment) |
| Ukuguqula Ngokwesikhundla | 97% | Kudala kakhulu; ayikwazi ukwenziwa kwezikhundla zokuphatha zokugcina (coil-on-plug systems) |
Ngoba izipheno zesitha zisibonwa kuphela ngesikhathi sesikhala, ukudibanisa ukuchaza elektroniki nokuzama ngokwesandla kunciphisa ukubuyisela kwe-coil okungafanele ngo 63%, ngokwesicelo sika-NASTF 2023.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Izipheno eziphakeme zekoil yokuqalisa yini?
Izipheno eziphakeme zivame ukufihla ukuphuma kwemotolo, ukuphuma kwezikhala ngokuphambuka, nokuthi kubonakala ukuthi kunezinkinga ekuphambukeni. Izinye izinhlobo zezipheno zivame ukuthi kususwe, kubhekwe ngokuphambuka, nokuvulwa kwesikhala sokuchaza imotolo.
Kungani umoto wami ususwa kakhulu ngesikhathi semvula?
Isikhathi semvula singasiza ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkampani zekoil, okusiza ukuthi kususwe kakhulu noma kubhekwe ngokuphambuka njengoba umvula uyaphambuka kwezinkampani zokugcina umoya.
Ngingakuthola kanjani ukuthi ikooli yokuqalisa yami iyasebenza kangakanani?
Izindlela zokubona ngokwesandla njengekuthenga kwe-resistance, ukuchaza kwe-spark gap, nokubuyisela kwezinto ngokucacile kuyasebenza kakhulu ukuthi kubonwe ukuthi kunezinkinga nekoil yokuqalisa, isibonelo uma ukuchaza elektroniki kubonisa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezinokuthi zibeke.
Kuyisafule ukudrivela ngekoil yokuqalisa eyasebenza kangakanani?
Ukuhamba ngokusebenza kwe-ignition coil engavumelekile kunakho ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwe-engine futhi kunakho ukuthwasa okukhulu ngezinsuku, okungaba yindlela yokuthola izinyathelo eziningi zokulungisa.