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Ukuziqonda Indima Yesenzakalo Sokugcina Kwe-Diesel
Yintoni Isenzakalo Sokugcina Kwe-Diesel Futhi Isebenzisa Kanjani?
Izikhali zodlame lwesilawu zasebenza indima enkulu kakhulu emshinini wamanje, zibheka ukuthi ziphi izinkinga eziphakeme phakathi kwesilawu esihlebeleni ukuze isilawu sicashiswe ngexesha eliqinisekileyo. Uma izinto ziqaqambela ngaphandle koko okuthi umphathi wesilawu wenzile, lezi zikhali zithumela izibuyekezo ezizezintandazwe kumodiwuli weqiniso lwebhasimane okanye PCM njengoko sithi kulo. Ngokomcwaningwano ophublikisiwe nguSAE International ngoPencwaninga, uma udlelwane lwesilawu luhlala ngasemva kwezingxenye ezihle phakathi kwe-500 ne-1500 psi emathuba apho asuswa ngazo ngqo, amashini achitha isilawu ngama-12 kabusha. I-PCM isebenza konke lokhu ukuze iyilothe inxenye isivimba sesilawu sivulekile, okukhulula konke kube lula. Amashini esilawu se-diesel ayadinga izinkinga ezide ngaphezu koko ukuze asebenze kakuhle, ngakho ke ukuthi kunezikhali ezinhle zodlame lwesilawu kuyindima ebalulekile ekunqulatweni kwezimali ezihlukileyo nokugcina izimo ezenzekelayo ngexesha elide.
Ukuthi I-Sensor Yokugcina Kwehhezi Yenkululeko Yenzela Kanjani Kuphazimulo Kwemoto
Izinguvo zevholthaji kusuka kusensema ziqhubeka indima enkulu ngokuthini ukuthembeka kwethrottle kanye nokuthi ubani na torque ophumayo kumoto. Xa ihhezi lengcinezelo yinkululeko yezingcinwa ngezansi kwe-300 PSI, okuyisimo esihlelwe ngokwesilinganiso sikhona ngemaqashi, ikhompyutha endaweni yesithuthi (ebizwa ngokuthi PCM) ingadinga ukungena kumodi wokuphepha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuzozikithula ukuthi umoto ungakhazimula kanjani ukuze kugcinwe izithuthi ezobubi ezinhleli. Ngendlela efanayo, ukunakekelwa kwehhezi kuhlala kubukeka xa izilungisi zehhezi ziya kuvala. Lokhu kubangela iingcinga kwiinjectors yehhezi kanti kwenza ukuthi uhhezi lungenzi kombhali njalo. Ngokwengxoxo ye-ISO ekuselwa ngojiye, malunga nezintathu ziphumo zezimbini zazo zonke iingcinga zomoto ezibekelwe kuhlelo lwengcinezelo zihlale zihlala zivela kusensema esinamandla okungahleli kancinci. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi izahluko ezihlanjwayo kule miqondo zibe yinto ebalulekile kakhulu ukuze zonke izinto zisebenze ngempumelelo.
Ukuthunyelwa Kwiindlela Zokunika Uhhezi Ezintsayoni
Amamotore amandulo anguqulela ngokudla kakhulu futhi aqashelwe kakhulu azidinga izikhungo zodlame lwesithuthi ukuze zihlengele izindleko zokuphuma kwezimali, kodwa zilindele isimo sezimali. Uma iziqhamo zodlame ziyaphakama ngaphezu kuka-7% phansi noma phezulu kwezimo ezinhle, abasebenzi bengenje bafuna leziphumo ezimbi ezibonakala njengo P0190 kuze kube ngu P0194 ezigcineni kwizikhangeli zabo. Uthuko olwakhiwa kusasa lusile izikhungo ezihlanzekelayo ngezimu zodlame zethanki lesithuthi. Le zinhlelo ezintsha zibeka inhlaka yosayensi ngaphezu kuka-40% kunazo ezindala apho izikhungo zabethunyaziwe ngendlela eyodwa ngokusho kukaBosch ngoHlobo lwelinye. Ukubeka lezi zikhungo ezondaweni ezingaphezulu kungasiza ekulawuleni ngempela ubunzima be-air-fuel uma abathengi baya ngokugcwele noma bamba ukusart uphansi kwezimo ezibuhlungu.
Izinkomba ezibalulekile zomphumaphumulo wokukhula kwegesi yesithuthi
Umlume opholile wokukhangelwa kweNjine Futhi Izinkomba zezinkinga zikaOBD-II
Uma sesiphequluli sempiko yekhanda siphazanyiswa, kahle kusetha igalazi elihlaza le-injini esibuthakathaka futhi kubonisa amakhodi eziphokoza ze-OBD-II. Sikhethepha ngezinto ezithile njenge-P0190 ngokungaphendulanga kwesiphequluli se-fuel rail noma i-P0087 uma kukhona impiko encane kumgudu. Isifundo esisha esenzululwe emva kwalogonyama ngemithuthi yokuphatha ikhanda sabonisa ukuthi kabusha kwezintathu zombili zeziphokoza zalesi siphequluli zisuka kuzilwane zokuguquguquka kwesivinini noma izimpendulo ezingaphansi kwezilinganiso ezenziwayo. Abasebenzi basebenzisa lezi khodi ngokuphathelene nezimpendulo ezithi injini iphepha kakhulu noma izimoto ezidla ngokushesha xa zisheshisa, lokhu kusho ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandelela lokhu kuqala ukuze umoto uphumelele kahle.
Iziphazanyiso, Impiko Encane, Noma Zero Yempiko Yekhanda
Xa izikhungo zikaqala ukuchitha, zizothatha ukuthuma izivivinyo eziningi eziphulaphula ezidinga ukuthi ziphile. Ngokuvamile sibona amandla adluliselana phakathi kwe-35 ne-60 PSI xa yindlela yomphumela noma ishisa. Kodwa xa kusoloko ngaloo zikhungo, kungakhathalwa kuba kube ngu-10 PSI noma kubuye kube phezulu kunesi-75 PSI ngendlela engakhothuleyo. Lezi zinkinga ezinkulu zihlukanisa indlela eyayifuneka iphumelele kuyo i-engine control module, okwenzela ukuthi inqubo yokuqhubeka kuphela. Oku kokuqala kubonakala njengenkosinga abantu bahlukunyeza kumphefumulo wamanzi noma i-filter engashintjiwe, nakuba kuyinto yokuba kuyisikhungo esiphikisanayo esiyenzo konke lokhu kucinga.
Ukungahambeli Kwesipha, Ukucindezela, Nokuhlukunyezwa Ngaphansi Kwegawu
Lapho izikhululi zod pressure zithola izivikelo ezingavamile, imodiwuli yokonkqa kwemoto iyaphupha ngombono wokungqimba kwe-air-fuel. Lokhu kubangela izinkinga eziningi njenge-engini ukungahambeli kakade xa ushisa, impinda yethrottle engaqondene, nezinkinga ezinkulu zokukhula phansi kwezimali xa uhamba phezu kwehlathi. Fakazela lokhu: uma isikhululi sibonisa 20% engaphansi kwe-pressure engeyona, kusenzo kwezimo eziphazanywayo. Akukho kuphela ukuthi kunezimali eziningi - ngamanye amazwi kangakanani njengama-40% ngokwesahluko sa-2022 se-SAE. Futhi okunzima kakhulu, le ziviko ezingavamile zingathinta ikataliti ikonvatha, okungafuneki ngoba ngabekele.
Ukuhlahla Kukhuni Okungalindelwa
Ukungeniswa kwezimali eziphazinyayo emoyeni - ngesilinganiso phansi kuka-25 PSI - kungayiphazanya ukuvikela, kubangela ukuhlahla okungcono (izinguquko ze-RPM zengama-±300), ukugcina emasiteleni, nokusebenza kwe-cranking kudinga inhambo. Le zinkinga zihlukana kakhulu emkhathini oshisayo, apho izimali ezinezimo ziyakhathaza ukukhathala kwe-flow futhi kuyiphakamisa izinkinga zeqiniso le-pressure.
Ukuthinta Kwenjongo Yokusebenzisa Isiphiwo Nokuphuma Kwesithuthi
Ukunciphisa Kwenjongo Yokusebenzisa Isiphiwo Ngokungahle Kombalombalo Wokunyusa Isiphiwo
Isikhathi esingatholanga sokugcinwa kwezibhamu siphazanyiswa umbalombalo wokunyusa isiphiwo, okwakhiwa izimo eziphelele kakhulu noma ezinqeni. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi le ngxenye ebuhlungu iyanciphisa inzimvo yokusebenzisa isiphiwo ngokushaywa 12–25% emphakathini, ikakhulukazi ngexesha lokuthutha lapho ukulinganisa kahle kwisiphiwo kubalulekile kakhulu. Isiphiwo esingasuswa futhi izilungiso ze injini ezenza umsindo zangezansi inzimvo.
Ukuphakama Okuphakade Ngokulawula Isiphiwo Ngendlela Eyangisayo
Lapho izikhungu zihlukile, zingathintela amanzi okuphazamisa kakhulu. Siyavuma ngakithi kune-40 iphesenti ehlukile yokunyusa i-nitrogen oxides (NOx) kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu, kuthathwa kweziphumo ezintathu zezinhlayiya (HC) ezakhiwe yizinhlelo ezingenalo ukulungiswa komthwalo wokubheka. Inkinga iyagcinwa phambili ngoba ukudla akuphathelene kuthutha izikonkeleza zekhatathalayithiki ukuze zisebenze emphakathini apho awufanele baze benze khona. Lokhu kusenza kube yimali kuphela ukulungiswa kwamathambo okuphuma. Kanti akuyona lo nto kuphela lapho izimoto zihamba ngokusheshayo. Izahluko zibonisa ukuthi lezi zinkinga zilindela lapho nezimoto ezivalelwe eziphendule kuzindlela zokumisa nokugcina emadodinini. Lokhu kuhambisana kabonakala ngokuphelele nazo zonke izinto abakhethuli bezemoto bayaqhubeka nazo ngabatoni babo besifazane sokuphazamisa.
Ukugcoba izinkinga zomkhungu wokugcina umshelo ngendlela yokusebenzisa ithooli yokuhlola
Ukugcoba izinkinga ngamanje kusidlanganisa kakhulu ku OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) izinqubo zokuthola ngokushesha izimo ezimbi zomkhiqizo wokukhanya komshwala. Izidingo zokulungisa iingcindezi zomthwalo weshwala zihlulwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-34% ngokuziqhenya iikhowudi zomculo, ngokwesicwangciso seNkondo yeDiagnostics yomthwalo weshwala we-2024 esisuka eMboniseni ephambili yokumelana nempilo.
Ukusebenzisa i-OBD-II Ukuthola Izilungu zeSensor yokukhanya komshwala
Xa igalaji elikhanyayo libonakala, ukuxhumanisa isixhobo sokuchazela ekhanda le-OBD-II kuthatha iikhowudi ezifanelekileyo njenge P0190 (Umjikelezelo wosenseki wokukhanya komshwala obhayisekile) . Zibanisa na into lokuba umkhiqizo wovoltage wesenseki usuka ngaphandle kwemigaqo ethunyelwe yiMvelisi, njengoko kuchazwe sisicwangciso se-2024 Fuel System Diagnostics Report.
Ukufundza Idatha Esematholeni kusenseki wokukhanya komshwala
Iisixhobo esiphuculiwe sokuchazela sibonisa imithetho yesigaba somshwala (FRP) ngokwenyani kwi-psi okanye kPa. Ngokulinganisa le mithetho nemigaqo yesixhobo samncinane:
- Imithetho yokuqala : 45–60 psi (ifanelekile kumathini apho amashwa aphakathi aphelelwe)
- Imithetho xa kugcinwa : Kancane 10–15% ngaphezulu kwe-idle
Ukungahambelani kungalapha kungaphezu kwe-20% kusho ukuthi isenzakalo ayisebenzi kangcono noma kunemiphuro yisistimu.
Iimodi zokulungiswa (DTCs) ezihlukileyo eziphathelene nokuhluka kwesenzakalo
Iimodi ezihlukileyo njenge-P0087 (oko kuthetha ukuncipha kokugcwalisa komoya wokunyusa) okanye i-P0193 (ukunyusa okuphezulu kusensor yokugcwalisa komoya wokunyusa) zanikeza incazelo yesimo esinezinto ezivalekileyo okanye imiba yezinhlelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-P008A Low Pressure Fuel System Sensor Performance le nto ikodwa ngama-18 phesenti yazo zonke izinkinga zesenzakalo ebonakala embangalini yamanje njengoko abasebenzi basebenzisa bakhuluma ngayo. Ukubona lezi zinkinga zokuphindwa xa zibonakala kwangethu kunceda abasebenzi ukufinyelela kumbuzo wawo ngokushesha futhi kunceda imali ngokuthintela izinto ezenzekileyo.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiziphi iziphumo ezibangela isenzakalo sokugcwalisa komoya sokuqina?
Izisenzakalo zokugcwalisa komoya zingahlukana ngokuba kungenzeka kungashintshwanga kakhulu emva kwecala, imiba yezinhlelo, imiphuro yisistimu somoya, okanye ngokuthi kudala futhi kuhlehlwa.
Kungani umqondiso wodonsimba olukhathazekile kungaba nemiphumela yini emsebenzini weyakhiwe?
Umqondiso wodonsimba olukhathazekile ungakubangela ukuphendula kwethrottle engahle, ukugcina komoto, ukulala okungahle, ukuncipha kokusebenza kwedonsimba, nokongcinwa kwezimali ezivuthiwe.
Kungakhawulkwa kanjani inkinga yomqondiso wodonsimba?
Abasebenzi basebenzisa izinhlelo ze-OBD-II ukuze bafumane amakhodi okulungiselela kwebungo futhi bathathele imininingwane yasebenza kusuka ku-mqondiso wesilinda sedonsimba ukuqinisekisa ukungqhubeleki.
Yiziphi izimpawu zomqondiso odonsimba ongcono?
Iziphi izimpawu eziphambili ngaphandle kwegolide le-check engine, izivakashi ezihlukahlukene zedonsimba, ukugcina komoto, ukuhlukunyama phakathi komsebenzi, nokulala okungaqedi.