Izinkcazo zengculazi yemithi ephukile

Izinkcazo Ezihlelekileyo Zengculazi Yemithi Ephele

Ukuphupha kwengculazi yemithi kusodwa kuzo zintathu izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuthi imoto ingavaleki, ekuthuthela abasebenzisa umsindo wosuku lwesibili we-$800 (Auto Care Association 2023). Ukubona lezi zinkcazo kuqala kungakunceda ukuvikela ukuphupha nokwehluka kwe-engine ngokude.

Ukungekeli ukuthola inceba kanye nokucwalisa okude njengezinkcazo zokushukuma

Lapho izimoto zihlupheka ukusungula noma kube yilapho ibhatere nguquphela, sizobona isignale esithi iphumpu yesiphiwo siyekile. Iphumpu yesiphiwo engcono kumele ibe ne-45 kuze kube-60 iphaundi ngoselwe sqhayi xa kusasungulwa, kodwa iphumpu ehluphekayo inezilinga ezincane kunoma-30 PSI. Lokhu kwenza abasebenzi bavutha ikhi ngezingu-5 kuze kube-8 amasekondi emsakaza injini ivuse. Abamekhaniki bathola lolizinhlobo njalo kakhulu emakheshini awo. Ngokwemibiko yemakheshini, izishiyagalombili ezingu-2/3 zephumpu yesiphiwo zibonisa lezizinhlobo zezinkinga ezingu-3 kuze kube-6 izinyanga ngaphambi kokuba ziphazamise kabusha. Ngakho-ke uma umoto wakho usuke usekela kakhulu ukusungula nakuba ubonakala uyinamandla, kungcolakala kuba kufuneka ujonge inkundla yesiphiwo ngokukhanya okungenani.

Ukuphazamiseka kwesayithayitha noma ukungabi namandla ngexesha lokugaya ngendlela engahle ngoba isiphiwo asenziwa ngendlela efanayo

Ukuphazamisa kwezindleko ngokugcwele ngexesha lokungena kwi-highway okanye ukuphanda amabomvu kubonisa ukungafuni kwamanzi. Izixhobo ezintsha zokunika izanzi zidinga indawo ezipheleleyo (2,000+ PSI), kodwa iipampi ezingena esiphazamiso zibangela ukuncipha kwindawo kungenza isiphazamiso. Ngokwesi 2023 NHTSA imbizo, i-23% yeziganeko ezitholakala ngexesha lokuthutha yayisiphazamiso esingachazwanga se-intando.

Iindaba zokugwiba okanye ukuchanta esivela kwi-tanki yamanzi ebizwa ngqo kumgangatho wapampi

Ubunzima Bukunciphisa Isiphiwo Nezimisindo Zomshini Ngokulahlekwa Okanye Nempilo Emkhulu

Iimpumba ezimbi zihluka umlando wokunyusa-nyusa, zayikela izikhala ezipheleleyo okuqhuba ngazo i-15 kuya ku-20% (umgangatho kaSAE International 2022). Iimpumba ezinokungena ngaphezulu kwezimali zokwenza impumelelo zizakha xa imveliso yempumba iphaphazela phantsi kwezigaba zomthombo—into ebalwa ngokuziqhenya kwegazi le-OBD2.

Kutheni Na Iimpumba Zokunyusa Kusebenza Kanjalo Nokuba Ziyacindezeka

Indima yesipumpu sokunyusa emva yenjongo yokunyusa isiphiwo esinovuselelo

Amakhariya kuleli xesha achaphazela kakhulu kumapumpu amadlala okudla owenziwa ngamathuba owenza ukuthi ukudla kuqale phambili ngama-30 kuze kube ngu-85 iphondi ngoselungu esisodwa, okusiza ekwakhiweni komlando omuhle wamahawu nemidla engcono yokusebenza kwemoto. Le mpumpu isedwa ngaphakathi kwatanki yobukhona, lapho imoto yayo ivulindlela ngapha kwamanzi kangangokuthi, ibhujisela ukudla phambi kwamafitra kuze kube ngasekunene kuzinyalazo ezincane zokunquma. Ziyahlukana kakhulu kumapumpu wesilima yezinkulungwane ezedlule ngoba zingasebenzi ngokushintsha kungakanani okudla kufudume ngokulinganiselwe kubuningi obemoto ibadinga ngexesha elithile. Uma umuntu umshaya isipha, umzekelo, impumpu ihlanza ngokushesha ukuhlanganisa nokunyuka kokuqashisa. Kodwa lapho: uma izinxenye ziqhubeka zihlukunyulwa ngexesha, ukugcina uhlelo oluphelele kuyaba yinkinga. Abasebenzi bekhipha bazi lokhu kahle ngoba nakuba ziphansi kwe-25 psi kungabangela ukuthi imoto ichitheke kakhulu noma iphinde iphule kabonakala ekuxhumene, into engalikatholakali namuhla.

Izizathu ezikhulu zokuphulala kwe-pump yekolotha: ukungcoliswa, ukunwela kakhulu, nokuziphatha kwamandla

Izinto ezintathu eziphambene zihlangabezana ne-78% yeziphazanyo ze-pump yekolotha (SAE 2023):

• Umkontshana : Ithaka noma ingcitha ekolotheni okungcono kusebenza njengesandi yesipapayo kususelweni kwe-pump, kuyakhiqiza ukugcinwa.
• Ukuphazamisa : Ukusebenzisa ngaphansi kwe-1/4 tanka ngokujwayelekile kususa isimo sokuhlanya kwekolotha, kubangela amandla okunwela akhuphukele kule-140°F.
• Iziphazanyo zomlando : Izixhumanisi ezimbulalayo noma izinkinga zovoltage ziyakhubaza i-pump ngamandla angeyi 12V.

Izinpumpu ezinguqulelo le-ethanol ziphula kancane ngemithandaba engu-23% ngoba kuneziphazanyo zokuthinta kwamandla kwi-harness zowiring, ngokusho kwesiqephu sesivikelo.

Ukuthini lowa kwalokholwa okubi kanye nezinkulungwane eziqulelwe i-ethanol kuyakhiqiza ukugcinwa

Ukuthi i-ethanol ithatha umlilo njengomagnethe ikhona imiba yezinhlekele zezinhlekele. Xa kusebenza kanjalo, kwenza into eyayise idla izihlobo zezinhlekele ngokuphindaphindi. Ngokwesiviko esiphathile sase-SAE, izimoto ezazisa amanzi a-E15 zibonakala zakhela ukugcinwa kwizinhlekele ngaproximately 19% kunazo ezazisa igesi elungile. Izinto ziyagula uma sibuka izinhlekele ezincane ezenzekile kakhulu (konke okungaphezulu kwezindawo ezingu-15 ngamiliyoni). Lezi ziphayi eziphelele zihlukunyezela isistemu ngokushesha kange. Kanti kanjalo kune-ngcinga yokulubricate. Iziphayi ezincane ezimbini azinayo i-oil additives ezaneleyo, lokhu kusho ukuthi izihlaka nezinqumina kusukela kuhlukana ngaphambi kokuba kufanele. Abasebenzisi ababephatha izinhlekele ezingalandelwa kakhulu bahlala bakhombisa ukuthi izifiltri zezinhlekele zizimbi ngokushesha nge-40%. Akukho kuphela ukuthi kuyindlela embi yokufaka izifiltri kodwa kuyenzeka ukuthi izinhlekele zihlule ngaphambi kokuba kufanele.

Ukuhlola Imiba Yezinhlekele Ngokucacile

Ukusebenzisa i-Scanner ye-OBD2 Ukuthola Iikhowudi Zomdla Ongezweyo

Xa kuvakalisa izikhondla ezintsha, abasebenzi bengqina ngokubanzi benza okokuqala ngokunxibelela i-scanner ye-OBD2 ukuze bakhangele ukuba ziyaphuma ntoni kumgomo wemoto. Le zi instrumental zilandelayo zithola iikhowudi ezimbi njenge-P0087 emva kweenguquko ezilula kwisayizi yesiphumo esinjezwayo okanye i-P0230 xa kukho into ethile engalunganga kumgodi wesiphumo. Kakhulu, le khowudi ziyathembeka kakhulu ukuba sibheke imiba yokuhanjiswa kusiphumo phakathi komgomo. Abavakashi baya kuziqaphela kuqala ngoba ngokoqobo kabini kwezibini zonke iifeyile zesiphumo zihluka ngamandla ahlanzekileyo kunokuba zihlukileyo. Idatha yesixhobo sakwenzululwandle ye-2023 ibonakalisa ukuba ngokoqobo kude kube ngu-5 kwi-10 yezici zonke zesisiphumo eziphazanyayo zihluka ngamandla.

Ukwenza Umbuzo Wesisiphumo Ukuqinisekisa Ubomi Besisiphumo

Ukuthola inqubo ephambene, kumele silingane okwenzekayo ngokugcina komthwalo wokunquma. Uma abasebenzi baphaka igijeti yomthwalo ekupheleni kwesilonda sokunquma, basicinga kuphela ukuthi iphompi iyithobha le zingxenye okucacileyo umphathi wezinhlayiya ayizilungiselela ngemiphumela eyodwa njengalokho isipheke siyophakama, sihamba kanye, noma kusenzelwa. Uma umthwalo uphila ububi, okuqukethwe kakhulu konke okungenani kunama-45 psi emathini amahhala akunyezwa kungcolisa iphompi yokunquma noma kungcolisa iflitha elimbi esikrwalini. Amahluko aphepha aphantsi kuyakubeka singcine amavoltaji ngokusheshayo endaweni epheleleyo yephompi. Lokhu kusiza ekukhululeni iingxaki ze-electrical ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngokungahlekanga kwegcobo.

Ukuhlukanisa Iingxaki Zephompi Yokunquma Kwi-Sensor Noma Iingxaki Ze-Ignition

Iingxaki zokuletha nokunquma zihluka kakhulu neengxaki ze-ignition njenge-plugs ezimbi noma izensori ezihlulayo zesi-crankshaft. Izinto ezahlukene kakhulu ziquka:

• Ukulahlekelwa kwezimali ngexesha lokuhamba (ekhubazekayo nokunquma) kunye nokungahlekanga kwe-misfires (ekhubazekayo ne-ignition)
• Ukugcwalisa kwe-pump ekwazeni uma uvula i-ignition ku-"ON" (akukho lapho kukhona ukuphulwa kwezinhlelo zemoto)
• Amagugu e-throttle aneziphumano ezintweni eziyisikhathi esizayo ezintweni zombane enezimpawu ezingaphezu kuka ±10%

Ukuqonda Izinyathelo Ezivikile Ngokufana Nezishishi Zomshini Noma Ukunyuka Kwegunya

Izinkinga ezincane ngokufana nokunyuka kwegunya emaseleni noma izindlela zegunya ezadlulile tanki ziwela phambi kokuphulwa komshini. Isifundo sengo-2022 sabonisa ukuthi 34% yezimboni ezichaziwe ngendlela eyingungani zange zibonakale ukunyuka ngokungcotshwayo ngokungahle kwebholtaji, lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kudingeka ukuchanja ngemitholampara yezinhlelo zomshini.

Ukucophelela Kwamandla Nenkonzo Yamanje

Ukugcina izilinganiso ezifanelekile zegunya ukuze uphule ukushisa kabanzi nokugcina

Gcina itanki lakho legunya libe ngezilinganiso ezilishiyekile kancane okungenani iqatha elilodwa ukuze ucophele umshini wokunyusa ukushisa kabanzi. Izimboni ezintsha ezise tankini zihlala ihlala igunya likunciphisa ukushisa kabanzi— Ingeni Yezimali Zemoto kwalothelwe ngo-2022 ukuthi izimboni ezisezinhleleni ezinengxenye engaphansi kuka 1\8 etholakala 60% ngokushesha kunazo ezigcinwa ngaphezulu kuka 1\4 yenkama.

Ukusebenzisa ikhanda elihle ukuze kuthintwe imithetho yesimilo

Khetha izikhumba ezinemboni eziphephile ezilungile ekurakaza okunconywayo. Lezi zikhumba zinca izinto ezibulala ezingaqeda iziqhamo zombila. Izigaba zekhanda ezinezinhlayiya zakhelwa kuzokwenzela ukuthi kuhlale kube yizilinganiso ezingu-30% ngaphaya kwezikhumba ezivamile (Fuels Institute 2023), futhi lokhu kuyindlela eqondene ngeganti yokukhokha.

Ukuhlolwa ngemva kalesikhathi nokuthini kufanele ushintshelwe umbila wokunquma

Linganisa umthetho wokunquma ngemva kujonga izindawo ezithiwe nguqukumba ngemva kujonga. Izahluko zombuso zibonisa amakhari ekhuluma phansi emva kujonga ngemva kalesikhathi esingu-30,000 mile zinezinkinga eziphansi ku-40% ezingaqeda iziqhamo zombila. Funa ushintsho emva kuka-100,000 miles noma uma umthetho uphansi kuka-45 PSI ngexesha lokunquma.

Izimbili zempilo yasekhaya nezinkinga ezifanayo zombila wokunquma ezahlukene kumakhari amasha

Kukhona ukungezwa kwizinkinga ezivuthiwe kusenzo sokunquma-sokuphumula nokunquma okunamathisela

Indlela abahamba ngayo bantu manje kunye ngezilinganiso ezithetha kwiitanki zethu zingakwazi ukwenza ubomi bububi kumapumpu ethambo ngokupheleleyo. Xa iimeyile ziqhubeka ziqaqambela kwaye zihlala ebanda emva kwesishishini, oku kakhulu kuthwalisa izinto zomgcindezo ngama-35 phikithi ngaphantsi koko xa kuhamba ngendlela yasehaya njengoko kuchazwe yiThonyana Lomdla Wemoto (2024). Fakaza - ngalinye ilango libizwa kwaye iphinde iphinde ibandakanya, le mpumpu kufuneka isebenze ngakumbi, ihlawule amathuba athile angama-6 ngasinye isikhathi esihamba ngalo. Kwaye emva koko kukho ithambo lenkunkuma elahlukileyo eyenzela into ibe yabuthaka. I-alcohol kule miboniso iyekela umoya, yongeza ukuthatha kwezixhobo ngama-17 phikithi njengoko kuchazwe nguSAE International ngo-2023. Olu lwandle olutsha lufika kumakomponi yomgcinezelo wenza ingcinga yesilafu, kwaye nakuba inyaniso yokuba izinto ezihamba azizange zilubricated ngempilo yobudala.

Ukubuyisela Kwabengeli Nezilinganiso Ezifundiswa KwiSedan NeeTruck Ezingaphezulu Kwizilingo

Izinkinga zokudizwa zihlala zibuyela futhi futhi, kubangela ukukhuphela kwamakhadi angama-2.1 ezigidi kusuka ku-2019 usuku lapho ku-2023. Kusukela ku-58 kwezingu-100 yezinkinga ezithile, zisuka kumoduli wokulawula ipompa yesilafu engayi kusheshisa kakhulu. Kuma-trucks aphezulu emandla aphindwe kabili, amahluko ahlelwe kwi-housing ngoba kunezindleko eziningi zempilo. Ngakwesinye isikhathi, izikrha ezilula zombolo zinezinkinga ezahlukene. Abasebenzi basebanga bonke bakhumbula ukuthi izivivinyo zokulunga ziphazanyiswa kuzipompi zesilafu ngamathuba angama-42% ngaphezulu kwezilinganiso njengoba bazingcinezela imbonakalo yokulungisa. Kusukela kungani? Abashiyalali bahlala bahlangabezana ngokuqhubeka komkhumbi wabo wenza kuba kuhlala kuphazimiseka ngokugcwele uma bazame ukongena kusuku lokuphazimisa, bese kuhlatshelwa kabonakala uma akulungisiwe.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kuzini izinkomba ezihlukene zomphazimba ophelele wesilafu?

Izinkomba ezijulile kufakwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ekugcineni injini, ukubheka okude, injini ibhinde, ukuphela kwamandla ngexesha lokuthutha, izwi elihlaza noma elibambezela emva kwebhanki yekafu, ukusebenza okubi kwakafu, ne-injini ihlule.

Ngani angikwazi ukufaka inkinga yesiphumlo sekafu?

Sebenzisa isikreneri se-OBD2 ukuze ufunde amakhodi wengcinga ahlobene nesiphazimulo sekafu, qinisekisa isiphazimulo sekafu, kwaye uthuthane phakathi kwezingcinga zesiphumlo sekafu nezingcinga zombane noma zokuvula. Jonga izinto ezenziwa ngaphandle njengezilahleko zekafu noma ukunyusa.

Kuzimezelwanoziphi ukungena ukuze ungakhohlwa siphumlo sekafu?

Londoloza izilingo zekafu, sebenzisa ikafu enobuhle, thetha izikhathi ezirhoxisanayo zokujonga, kwaye livikele isiphazimulo sekafu ngexesha lenqanaba. Cinga ukushintsha isiphumlo sekafu emazingeni angama-100,000 noma xa siphazimulo sihlala sihamba.

Kungani isiphumlo sekafu singena?

Isiphumlo sekafu sikhohlwa ngokuchaza, ukunqamuka kwezimali, nokucinga komthwalo. Ikafu engezibonelo kanye nekafu enezimoto ezihlanganisiweyo ziyahlukana kakhulu.

Kuziziphi iindlela ezithintelayo esiphazimulweni sesiphumlo sekafu?

Ukwehla kwezinkinga kuxhumana nokuphatha okuqeda kanye nokuthiwalwa kwegaseli enezithelo. Izimemo zokubuyisela izinhlelo zakhonza ukwakha izimo ezifanayo ezigcwele kumadini amaningi nezinkawuli.