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Te Mārama ki te Tūmanako o te Kaiwhakarato Pēhikara
He aha te Kaiwhakarato Pēhikara, me pēhea e mahi ana?
Ko ngā kaiwhakatū ahi tōtika he wāhi matua nui ki ngā mōhinu o te wā o nāianei, e mataara ana i te ahunga o te tōtika e hua mai ana i roto i te rere tōtika kia tukuna tōtika i te wā tika. Mēnā ka tīmata te whakarahi ake i te āhua i hoahoa ai e te kaihanga, ka tuku ēnei kaiwhakatū pārongo tūmatanui ki te kōpae whakahaere pūkaha, i te mōhiotia hoki hei PCM. E ai ki ngā rangahau i tākarotia e SAE International i te tau ki muri, ina noho tonu te tōtika o te rere tōtika ki waenganui i te 500 ki te 1500 psi ki ngā punaha tukutuku tū, ka rere ke te mōhini i te 12 ōrau atamira ake. Ka whakamahi te PCM i tēnei mōhio katoa hei whakarerekē i te roa o te wā e tu ana ngā kai tukutuku tōtika, kia pai tonu te mahi. Me nui ake te tōtika ki ngā mōhini taru, nō reira he mea matua herekore ngā kaiwhakatū tōtika tōtika kounga kia māma ai ngā putunga kino me te pai o te mahi i te wā roa.
Me pēhea te Tūhono Kōpiko Mātai Kōpiko e whakahaere ana i te Mahi a te Mīhini
Ngā tohu volta mai i te kaitirotiro kei te wāhi nui ki te āhua o te whakautu o te parirau, me te momo torque e puta mai ana i te mīhini. Ina heke te kōpiko kōhinu ki raro i te 300 PSI, e hāngai ana tēnei ki ngā paerewa nuinga atu a ngā kaihanga, ka taea pea te punaha rorohiko o te ka (e mōhiotia ana hei PCM) te uru ki te arataki haumaru. Ko te tikanga ko ia ka pakaru i te tere o te mīhini kia kaua ai ngā kaiwhakawhiti kōpiko utu nui e maroke ana. I te taha kotahi, ko te kōpiko iti ake ka mātau pea ina ka hinga ngā kaiwhakahaere kōpiko kōhinu. Ka āhua hekinu ai mō ngā kaiinikita kōhinu, ā, ka hua he iti noa te waihanga kōhinu. E ai ki tētahi pūrongo ISO i te tau ki muri, ko te toru haurua o ngā raru mīhini e hāngai ana ki ngā raru kōpiko ka hua mai i ngā kaitirotiro e nekeneke ana i waho i te tika o te whakarāwekenga. Ko te take ka nui ake te hiahia ki ngā tirotiro whakamutunga mō ēnei punaha kia pai ai te mahi tonu.
Te Whakauru ki ngā Pūnaha Inikihana Kōhinu Hōu
Me whakamahi mātai toki inu tūmau hiko tika ngā pūhiko hōhonu me ngā inu turupahi kia āraite ai te putanga o te kaha i roto i ngā paerewa herehere. Ka kitea e ngā tohunga ngā waehere raru kino, pērā i te P0190 ki te P0194, ka neke te toki inu i te 7% nehe ake, nehe ake rānei i ngā taumata noa. I tino whanaketia e te hangarau hou ngā mātai wāhi tāpahi i roto i te rāpoi inu anō, ā, ko ēnei tautuhinga hou ka whakaiti i te roanga wā waitohu mai e te 40% tata nei i ngā tauine tawhito i tāpirihia ai ngā mātai i wāhi ke, ā, nā tētahi rangahau a Bosch i te tau ki muri i tēnei. Mā te whakaputa ake i ēnei mātai ka pai ake te whakahaere i te parairengi hau-inu inu ka pakaru te taraiwa, ā, ka tīmata hoki i ngā huringa māngere.
Ngā Tohu Kua Hinga te Mātai ToKi Inu
Kua Whiti te Rama Tirohia i te Mātai Mōhini me ngā Waehere Raru OBD-II
Ina tīmata te he o te kaiwhakarato pēhikara, ka whakauru i te tohu mārama hōhonu e ririhau ana, ā, ka puta ētahi waehere raruraru OBD-II. Hei tauira ko te P0190 mō ngā raru o te Kaiwhakarato Pēhikara Rārangi, i te P0087 ina heke te pēhikara i roto i te pūnaha. I whakaatu tētahi rangahau hou mō ngā pūnaha pēhikara i te tau ki muri, ko te toru haurua o ngā raru katoa e pā ana ki ēnei kaiwhakarato e hua mai ana i ngā pōkai voltahe mātātoko, i ngā panonitanga ranei e tawhiti ana i ngā haora noa. Ka kite ngā tohunga mātauranga tēnei āhua o ngā waehere tahi ana ki ngā whakamāmona e pā ana ki te painga iti ake o te hinu, i ngā waka hoki e herenga ana ki te timata ina makariri, nō reira he mea nui kia tirotiro tēnei me tēnei anuanuia ai te mahi tika o te waka.
Ngā Panonitanga Mātātoko, Iti, i te Kore Pēhikara
Ina timata te whakawhitiwhiti o ngā kaitirotiro, ka tū ake i ngā panonitanga rerehua e kore e hāngai. I te nuinga o te wā ka kitea mātou i ngā pēhi kei waenganui i te 35 ki te 60 PSI ina tu ana, ina whakatakariri rānei te waka. Engari ina hekenga tētahi mea ki ēnei kaitirotiro, ka taea te heke tino ki te 10 PSI, ki te piki anō hoki ki te 75 PSI, kaua he take. Ka whakararu ngā momo panoni tino nui nei i te mahi o te kīpiha whakahaere mōhinu, ka tino whakaputa i te tukanga kawhiti katoa. Ko ngā mea e puta mai ana ka tino rite ki ngā raru e mau pea mā te pūrua kaimātai kino, mā ngā arai paru anō hoki, ahakoa ko te take pono ko te kaitirotiro kino.
Ngā Mōhini Kāore e Tīmata, Ngā Wehe, me ngā Pōpōki i Raro i te Uara
Ina tukuna e ngā kaitirotiro toharāwhiti ngā panonitanga hē, ka whakapohoruatia te kāwiri whakahaere mōhinī e pā ana ki te takotoranga tika o te hau me te kararehe. Ka hua mai tēnei i ngā raru katoa pērā i te whakaputangia haehaea o te mōhinī ina tere ake ana, te urunga ki te parirau mōrearea, me ngā tango kaha matatau ina pikinga ana. Tēnei tauira: mēnā ko te kaitirotiro e whakaatu ana i te iti ake i te 20% te toharāwhiti i te mea kei reira, ka hua he takotoranga maroke. Kāore anō tēnei e whakahuatia ai ngā putanga atamira – i ētahi wā, tae rawa ki te 40% atu anō e ai ki ētahi rangahau nō SAE i te 2022. Ā, ārai ake, ka taea e ēnei panonitanga kino te whara i te kaihuri kikokiko ki te wā, me tētahi mea e kore e hiahia kia tūpato.
Te Tuarangi Kao, Te Whakaputanga Kao
Ko te iti toharāwhiti i te tuarangi – he iti ake i te 25 PSI – ka whakaraharahatia te tahumaero, ka hua ai te tuarangi kākā (ngā panonitanga RPM ±300), te whakaputanga i ngā tohu tuarangi, me ngā wā roa kia tīmata ai. Ko ēnei tohu e piki ake ana te raru i te raki makariri, i reira ka piri ake te kararehe ka piki ake te herekenga aruhā me te piki ake o ngā kore tōtika toharāwhiti.
Te Pānga ki te Whaiaro Karaka me ng Whatunga o te Waka
Kua Nekehia te Whaiaro Karaka Engari i te Mahi Korekore o te Mīhini Karaka-Hau
Ko te karaehe toto karaka pakaru e whakararu ana i te ōwehenga karaka-hau, ka hua he mīhini tino nui, tino iti rānei. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ko tēnei whakarahitanga e neke ana i te whaiaro karaka umanga ki te 12–25% i ngā pikinga reo-taiao, ā, he aha rawa pea ina piki ana te huruhuru ina mea tino pono te whakawhitinga karaka. Ko te karaka kāore i ruatia me ng whirihoranga motuka hei whakatika anō e pāngia ake ai te whaiaro.
Kua Nekehia ngā Whatunga mai i te Tautoko Kino i te Karaka
Ina heke te kounga o ngā kaiwhakawātea, ka tino pā ki ngā taumata whakaputanga. Kei te kōrero mātou e 40 ōrau atu anō o ngā oksīti hāora (NOx) me te toru wā ake pea ngā karohikaina (HC) i puta mai i ngā punaha hapa nui i te nuinga o te wā. Ka piro ake te take nā te āhua kore noa ngā kaiwhakawhiti katalitiki e mahi ana i ngā wāhi hāngai kāore i hangaia mō rātou. Ko te tikanga, ka iti ake te kaha o rātou ki te horoi i ngā hautau whakaputanga. Ā, kāore e takoto ana te take ina rere ana te karuhi. I whakaatu ngā rangahau ko ēnei raru e mau tonu ana ahakoa kei te tupato te waka i ngā tohu stop, i ngā pakanga rānei. E kore e tika ana ki ngā mea katoa i whai ai ngā kaihanga waka ki ā rātou aronga hōhonu kore-whakaputanga.
Te whakatauira i ngā raru e pā ana ki te Kaiwhakawātea Tōpara Kawa mā te Whakamātau Kōpae
Ko te whakatauira hōhonu e noho pū ana ki te OBD-II (On-Board Diagnostics II) ngā punaha hei whakatū ake i ngā hapa o te kaiwhakarato pēhikara kōpae mā te āhuatanga. E 34% te wā e whakatika ai ngā kaiwhakamātao i ngā raru pūtau mā te whakaprioritī i ngā waehenga pono e hāngai ana ki te kaiwhakarato, ā, e horo ana mai tēnei mai i te Pūrongo Rangahau Pūtau Kōpae 2024 mai i tētahi whare rangahau motuhake.
Te whakamahi i te OBD-II hei Tātari i ngā Hapa o te Kaiwhakarato Pēhikara Kōpae
Ina ataahua te rama tirohau, ko te hononga i te taputapu tātari ki te tuanui OBD-II ka whiwhi ai i ngā waehenga pono pērā i te P0190 (Hiko o te Cirikit o te Kaiwhakarato Pēhikara Rārangi) . E whakaatu ana ēnei mēnā kei waho i ngā paerewa toa-kaipāho ngā uara whakaputa vōltijia o te kaiwhakarato, pērā me te tuhinga i te Pūrongo Rangahau Pūtau Kōpae 2024.
Te Matapae i ngā Raraunga Ora mai i te Kaiwhakarato Pēhikara Rārangi
Ko ngā taputapu tātari matatau e whakaatu ana i te pēhikara rārangi kōpae (FRP) i te wā ora ki te psi, ki te kPa rānei. Whakarārangihia ēnei uara ki ngā whārangi whakauru:
- Te pēhikara noho : 45–60 psi (he nui noa mō ngā inihini pāwhara)
- Te pēhikara i raro i te uta : Arataki 10–15% teitei ake i te noho tuwhera
He tohu tēnei o te hē o te kaiwhakarato, i runga ake rānei i te 20% i ngā whakaritenga o te pūnaha.
Ngā Waehere Herenga Herenga Hapa (DTCs) e mōhiotia ana me te hinganga o te kaiwhakarato
Ko ngā waehere herenga e mōhiotia ana pērā i te P0087 (ko te tikanga he iti te pēhanga karaihe) i te P0193 (te pūkenga pēhanga karaihe teitei rawa) e tohu ana i ngā raru hiko, i ētahi hui e here ana i te karaihe rānei. Tuhia te P008A hei tauira Ko te Whanonga Kaiwhakarato Pēhanga Karaihe Iti tēnei ka hua mai i te 18 ōrau o ngā raruraru kaiwhakarato katoa e kitea ana i ngā injini whakauru tūmatanui e ai ki ngā ripoata tata o ngā tohunga. Ka āwhina tino te kimi i ēnei raruraru e hua haere ana i te wā tuatahi kia taea e ngā tohunga te tīmata ki te take matua āke, ā, ka penapena moni mā te kore whakakapi i ngā wāhanga e mahi ana tonu.
FAQ
He aha ngā mea e pāngia ai te kaiwhakarato pēhanga karaihe?
Ka taea e te kaiwhakarato pēhanga karaihe te hinga mā te nekeneke i te whakarāwekenga i te wā, ngā raru hiko, ngā here i te pūnaha karaihe, i te pakeke rānei me te wareware.
Pēhea pea e tino hāngai ai te kaitirotiro totohu hōngongoi hāora ki te mahi a taku karu?
Ka rāwekia e te kaitirotiro totohu hōngongoi hāora kino te urunga ki te pēke, te whakaputangia o te hinu, te noho pakaru o te miihini, te iti ake o te whaihua o te hāora, me te nui ake o ngā parahara.
Pēhea te tātai i te raru o te kaitirotiro totohu hōngongoi hāora?
Ka whakamahi ngā kaimahi i ngā punaha OBD-II hei tango i ngā waehere whakawā whakatauira, me te pānui i ngā raraunga ora mai i te kaitirotiro totohu hōngongoi hinu kia kitea ngā herenga.
He aha ngā tohu o tētahi kaitirotiro totohu hōngongoi hāora kino?
Ko ngā tohu matua ko te mārama o te tohu 'check engine', ngā panonitanga pakaru o ngā totohu hōngongoi hinu, ngā whakaputanga o te miihini, te wehi i te wāhi e noho ana te kāmuatanga, me te noho pakaru.