Kunjani Ukuhlungwa Kwezinkinga Ze-Sensor Yomoto

Ukufunda Ngezinhlelo Zomoto Ezihlelekile Futhi Imisebenzi Yazo

Izimboni ezintsha zilondoloza ku amasensitha weCar njengamakomponi ahluke kakhulu esibonakaliseni futhi sibophelele imisebenzi. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi umoto ungena izinhlelo ezingama-60-100, le minyango ihlaba njengesithembu somphakathi womoto, ibamba idatha ngemizuzu yokuphela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokulondoloza.

Izinhlobo Ezibalulekile Zezinhlelo Zomoto: Isensor Ye-Oxygen, Isensor Yomthwalo Wamagagasela, Ne-Sensor Yokulinganisa

Izikhungo ze-Oxygen ziqiniseza indima enkulu ekulawuleni ukuthi kunezithombe ezimbi kangakanani ezenziwa yisiphiqo ngaphakathi kwamathilini, okwenzeka kube yizigidi ezi-40 ngokwembono yeziphazamiso ezithile. Kunezinto ezibalulekileyo ezingu-mass air flow sensor ephawula njengoba ikhomba ukuthi kukhona ikhamanga mangaki engena emthilini ukuze ibe yazi ukuthi kunezithombe ziziphi ezingezelwayo ukuqina kahle. Iziphazamiso zetemperature zinezinye izinhloso ezibalulekile kulesi siyistimu, zibona ubukhuni be-coolant nobukhuni bekhamanga elingena emthilini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukhali kakhulu futhi aqaphe amandla. Lonke lo msebenzi walezi zikhungo zonke zihlanganisa emasenesini ukuze kugcinwe izikhashana zithobela kahle nokuhle.

Indima yesikhungo se-Engine Speed nesikhungo se-Tire Pressure ekusebenziseni kwesikhashana

Amasenseya wosuku lwemoto (ESS) abuyekeza ukubuyelela kwekhandila yekhandila ukuze akhuthaze isikhathi esifanele, ekubambisana ngqo nokunyusa kanye nokuphazanyiswa kwamandla. Amasenseya wodonsimba lwetayeri ayethola ubube buhlukene phansi kuka-1-2 PSI, ethintela amandla okuhlupheka ngama-25% njengoba kuchazwe kumasekelo eNHTSA. Lesi sibonelo sinesiqiniseko sokulungisa ukulethwa kwamandla kanye nesivikelo.

Kanjani amashidi wosenseya wodonsimba lweloyi akusiza ekulindeleni ububi bokusebenza kwemoto

Amasenseya wodonsimba lweloyi asebenza njengezinhloso zokushesha, athola ubube bodonsimba phansi kuka-5-10 PSI okubonisa ukuphazanyiswa kwebhubhu. Ngokunikela izaziso ezithinta izindlela ezinezimo ezincane zeloyi noma ukuphazanyiswa kwepompi, lezi zenseya zilungise iziphazanyiso ezihlukile emoto engakwenzekiyo eyenziwa ukuba kuhlanganise 23% yezinyathelo zokugcina emhlabeni.

Umbiko wamasenseya ahlelweyo emoto kanye nokuthintana kwazo kudonsimba lwesitshalo kanye namaphuzu

Inxenye yamasenseya ehleliwe ngempela ingayizeza ukusebenzisa kwasitshalo ngalama-15%. Isibonelo:

• Ukuphazanyiswa kwesenseya yeMAF kungabenza ukuthishiwe kwayo kube phansi kuka-10-25%
• Amasenseya woxigini angachazi kungakhethi aphazanya amaphuzu ngama-30-50%
• Iziphawu zesenseya wosuku singaqondisa amaphuzu eNOx ngama-20%

Leli zixhobo ngokupheleleyo zenza ukuba izihambi ezintsha zifanele izimo ezibophelelayo zokuphosha ngexesha eziyakwenzela ukusebenza kakhulu.

Ukuchazela Umlilo Wokukhanyisa Kwimoto Nokuthi Iziphumo Ezinye Zebhodi

Izihambi ngoku zisebenzisa iicons zabhodi ukuze zibonise kumshayeli xa kukho into ethile engalunganga ngezixhobo. Xa leli lizwi likhanyile ngokuvutha, oku kuthetha inkinga encinci yesixhobo. Kodwa xa iqala ukuchaza, oko kuyisigqibo sokulinganiswa esikhangelwayo esidinga isiphindamandla sakushishana. Abantu baseBeemerPros bathi abaninzi ababona umlilo wokukhanyisa kwimoto wabo ubukhali bayenzenza imiba ngaphandle kwe oxygen sensor okanye i mass airflow sensor ngokulinganisa datha yabo. Kananjalo kukho neziphumo ezinye ezilungileyo ukuzithemba. Umphumo we traction control uyathetha kakhulu ngeenkxalabo zomthambeka womgca, ngelixa umphumo wokugcinwa kwegazi uphawu lothi igazi elingcinwayo ayisebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Le mincawa ifunyanisa abasebenzi bemoto imbono eyodwa ngoko kutheni kungenzeka ibukeke ngasentabeni.

Izinkomba Ezihlelweyo Zokungasebenzi Kakhulu Kwesensa Yomoto: Ukuphazanyiswa, Ukuhlanjulwa Okubi, Nokunciphisa Kwegolide

Xa izensa zomoto kuhlala ziyashisa, ziyashintsha kahle indlela efuna ngayo umoto. Isensor yomoya obanzi ihlukunyezela ukuthi imithongo iphazanyiswe xa kuhlehlwa ngokusheshana, futhi uma isensor yesikhathi sezinja yasendleleni, abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi baphila ngokuphazanyiswa xa kuhlehlwa. Ngokwemibala engafundakalanga emsulwa wempilo yokulungisa izimoto, izimoto ezine-sensor yoksijini ephungwe zingahlulela phakathi kwama-12% kuze kube 18% angaphezu wegolide ngoba ikhompyutha yomothor wayehlukunyezeka ngokumisa amagasi negolide ngendlela efanele. Ezinye izinkinga ezihlelweyo kufana nokugcina okungahlanjulwanga okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ingcingo ngesensor yesikhathi sezinja, noma xa isiphaqamiso sikhula ngokushesha emva kokugcina isiphaqamiso, esibonisa ukuthi kukhona ingcingo ngesensor yesikhathi sesiphaqamiso.

Ukuxhumanisa Izinkinga Ezithile Nezingcingo Ezinezinhloso Eziphathelene Nezinsa

Ukudaga izinkinga zesensa yomoto kudinga ukuxhumanisa izinkinga nezinhloso ephatha kuzo:

• Ukugcina okungahlanjulwanga : Sahlukana kakhulu kuzivalelo zokulinganisa umthubi wokucindezela
• Umoya wemfuyo owomnyama : Sahlukana kakhulu nokulinga okuphelele kwe-fuel ukusuka kuzivalelo ezimbi zezinhloso z-O2
• Imphikiswano yezivalelo ze-ABS : Sahlukana kakhulu nezivalelo ezithintekileyo zohhovisi lwebhola

Umbuso wa-2023 wadata ye-OBD-II uwuthole 72% yezimphakathi zezivalelo ze-MAF kwanjalo zaziveka ngokuguqulwa kwesilinganiso se-RPM ezingenamandla emakhondla. Kwiikhowudi ezihlotshanayo ne-catalytic converter (P0420-P0430), abasebenzi bakhetha izinkinga zezinhloso zoksijini kwiimeko ezingu-64% ngaphambi koko baxoxe ngokubuyisela i-catalytic.

Ukusebenzisa I-Scanner ye-OBD2 Nee-Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) Ukufaka Isiphetho Esilungile

Incamango Elandelayo Yokusebenzisa I-Scanner ye-OBD2 Ukufaka Isiphetho Malungu Ezinkingeni Zesivalelo Sebhasi

Qala ngokutholakala komnyango we-OBD2 otholakala phansi kwesibhedlela sakho (okuvamile edlule emkhathini wokuhamba). Ngexabiso le-ignition ku-"ON", xhumanisa isikhangeli sakho futhi:

• Khetha "Funda Izimkodi" ukuze uthole izimkodi ezenziwayo neziqukedileyo ze-DTC
• Qaphela izimkodi ezihambelana nesensa esibalasele senjini njenge-P0171 (isayithi sangaphandle) noma P0300 (ukungahambeli kwangaphandle kwenjini)
• Sebenzisa indawo ye-"Freeze Frame" ukuze ubuyekele idatha yesensa ngexesha lemfazwe wafika
  Linganisa izimkodi negunya lomgcini weyakho ukuze uthole umnikezo, ngamandla amathuluzi okulungisa ayidibanisa ukuxhasana kwekhowudi-ngethelo yexesha.

Ukuchaza Kanjani Izimkodi Zokulungiswa Ezihambelana Nesesinye Isensha Se-Auto

Izimkodi ze-DTC zilandela ifomatha eqinisekileyo apho igama elokuqala libonisa isistimu esibangelwa:

• P : I-Sistimu YeNjini (njini, ithransmisshini)
• C : I-Chassis (ABS, ukulawula ukugaya)
• B : Umqondo (iziphathe, ukulawula ukunxulumene)
  Ngokusho, P0135 khiswa ngqo ekugcineni kwe-oksijeni yesilinda esiphazanyiswa. Izahloli zokudaba ezifundisayo kusho ukuthi kangcono kakhulu kuma-60% wama-P-codes ayashiywa yizinkinga zomkhuba engaphawula izinkinga zomshilo.

Ukuhlolwa KweDatha Ngokwesikhathi Esizayo Kusuka KuScannner OBD-II Ukuze Kutholakale Izinga Ezingcolileyo

Faka ugcino kudatha oluhlaza ukuze uthole:

• Iivolti zesilinda se-oksijeni ezibambekayo eziyi-0.45V (zichaza isilinda esinehlobo le-"lazy")
• Iimathala zesilinda se-MAF ezincinane kune-2 g/s xa isebenza ngokupheleleyo (zichaza ukungahambi kwentliziyo)
• Ukukhanya kwesithunzi senqwelo yemoto okungaphezu kuka±10°F kusuka kumthwalo wasekhohlo
  Le miqondiso minyane yenza izinkinga ezibalulekileyo zomkhuba ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe i-DTCs.

Izingxenye Ezilindelekileyo ZamaScannner OBD-II Uma Angafundi Kwinkokheli Eziphathelene Nayo

Njengoba amascanner athola ama-80% wama-faults ahlobene nempahla, manje ayethembeka:

• Izingxenye ezihlatyelwayo zokuhamba kwicala eliphindwe kumthwalo wesilinda sesiqhamo
• Ukuphazamiseka kancane kwezinhlelo zokulungisa indawo yethrottle
• Ukudonsa kwesayensi kubangela ukungabi nemvelaphi isenzakalo sakhe esivumelana ne-camshaft
  Ukuchanekwako kwegunya ngonyaka ka-2022 kwabonisa ukuthi 42% yezinkinga zenhlelo yokubala eziphathelene nesayensi kudinga ukuchaneka okunye kwi-multimeter ukuze kugcinwe ubuqiniso bokuchaneka.

Ukuqhuba Ukuchaneka Kwezandla Nokuchaneka Kwemithambo Yezinhlelo Zomshini

Ukuhlola ngobuso izihlwirelweni zamakhabeli nesixhumanisi sezinhlelo zokubala ukuthi kuvameke kani nokuthi kuhlwile kani

Qalani ngokwenza ukulandelela kahle kwezihlwirekiso zonke nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo i-sensors. Lalela izinto ezifana nokuchithwa kwesilungu, iindlela ezivalekileyo, okanye into eyobuhlungu ebuthathayo ekugcineni apho inxalenye engama-38 yezilingo zonke ze-sensor ingezantsi kumbuzo wokulungisa izimoto ngu CarCare Council ngo-2023. Kufuneka ujonge ngokupheleleyo i-sensors ze-oksijeni njengoko iihlayezo zalo ziyasebenzisa kakhulu kwiindawo ezibhotyholayo zexabiso. Ungazange udide iimpendulo ezinkulu zomoya ezenziwa ngumoya, eziphela kwindawo yokungena apho ubutyebi nohlaza bungagcinanga ngexesha elide ngaphandle kokubonakala kumntu de kuphela xa kukho ingcinga ngokuqala komoye.

Ukuhlola indawo esekelweyo ye-sensor ye-oksijeni kunye nendawo eyingxenye yesistimu yokuphuma

Qinisekisa ukuthi izikhungo ze-oksijini zifakiwe ngaphakathi kwemitha ethile ezivumelekile nguqhamuka (ngokuvamile ama-6-10 amachiza phambi kwe-converter yecatalytic). Sebenzisa i-smoke machine noma isicelo se-water soapy ukuze udinge leak yokuphuma okungahle kube yinkinga ekusayensini komkhawulo wokuphuma. Ukufakwa kahle kusidla ukulinganiswa okucacile kwe-lambda value okubaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuphuma.

Ukulima ivolti ne-resistance emshukumweni we-sensor ye-mass air flow ngemitholampara

Dweba umsebenzi we-sensor ye-MAF ngokuthi:

• Cwangcisa imitholampara ku-modhi ye-DC voltage (gucine ON/isiphephe siyekhanda)
• Bheka ivolti yesilinganiso se-12V kwi-wire yezindleko
• Londoloza izinguquko zevolti yesinyathelo phakathi kwe-0.5V (idle) ne-4.75V (WOT)

Nguyeke impendulo ngokulinganisa nokuthi kuyavumelekile ngishweshwe esingxenye yomlando wesiphethe. Ngokuchazwe kakhulu kwezinhlelo zemitholampara, funda le guide yokudweba izikhungo zesiphethe enguqhamuka ezenziwe ngu-technicians abaqinisekisiwe.

Ukuhlola okuphakeme kanye nokuphela kwe-sensor yesivinini ngezimo ezahlukene

Simulate izimo zomzimba ngokuthi:

Lotho Lwe-Sensor	Ukuhlaziywa Kaphakade (68°F/20°C)	Ukusebenza Kwezinhlayiya (190°F/88°C)
Ubunzima Bezinhlayiya	2,500-3,000 Ω	200-300 Ω
Isivinini Sejini	0.3-1.2V AC	1.8-2.5V AC

Linganisa lezi zikhathi ngelokho kucondziswa kusivinini sejini ukuqonda izinkinga eziphathelene nesivumelwano sesensa

Izigaba ezilungileyo ekulondolozani kusenzula imithetho yokuhlaziywa kwesensani yomkhumbi ngemithuthi yemali

Thintana kakhulu isithili sibhodi ngaphambi kokuthi uqinisekise ukuthi ungasebenzi ngezinkinga ezimbi. Sebenzisa izikhangala zokugcina okungahleli umoya xa uhlela izixhobo ezihlukileyo njenge-MAP, futhi uqinisekise indawo yokulinganisa yomgcindezo wakho ngendlela ethile (isibonelo, ibhodi entsha = 1.5V).

Ukuphila Kwezixhobo Nokulondoloza Ngokuphelele

Ukusebenzisa Kakhulu Kweskanja ye-OBD2 Ukuqashisa Izinkomba Ezibalayo Zokuhlukunyuka Kwesixhobo

Ngokwesilingo se Automotive Engineering Journal ekugcineni kuleli viki, izinhlayiya eziningi zimanje zithola amakhodi wesenzimomo yamaphutha ngaphambi kokuba abasebenzisi baphathiswe konke okungahle ngendlela. Ukuhlola kwangaphambilini nganye ngosuka lwebhokisi OBD2 kusiza ekuboneni izinkinga kuwo wonke lezi zinhlayiya futhi kufakwa izinhlayiya zoksijini nezinhliziyo zokukhanya komsindleko. Isuka lwebhokisi isebenza njengoba kuyathatha imigomo yokuvikela kwevholthaji kanye nokushisa izinhlayiya ziyafinyelela uma kudingeka. Sebenzisa ikhodi P0171 umzekelo, kuyasho ukuthi akukho manje mafu afana aphinde aphinde emsindlekeni, lokhu kuhlala kuhlala xa isikhathi sika-Mass Air Flow siyashisa. Uma ngaphezu koko inhlayiya iyasindiswa ekukhanyiseni, lokhu kungasho ukuthi kukhona izinkinga ngezinhlayiya zomsebenzi wokukhanya komsindleko okuphazanywa kuzo izimpawu eziphansi ngasesikhathini.

Ukugcina Izimo Zezinhlayiya Ezihlanjwayo Ukuzivikela Kuzo Iziphawu Ezilungile

Ukuthi kwenzeke kweyoli kuzinhlayiya zoksijini kuyahlukanisa ubalulekile 12-15% kukubala kwe-emissions, futhi ukugcina kwezimali eziyagawula izivivane zokhwehla okungahle kuvule amakhodi e-ABS. Cimela izivivane ze-MAF ngalinye i-15,000 yamile ngaphatha esetshenziswa yilayini yesixhumanisi se-electrical, futhi uzithele izivivane zokulinganisa ukuguqulwa kwesithuthi noma izinkinga zezimali ngexesha lokushintsha isidlo.

Izikhathi Ezinconywayo Zokuzolola Iziphiwo Ezibalulekileyo Ze-Auto

Lotho Lwe-Sensor	Isikhathi Sokuzola	Iziphawu Ezibalulekile
Isensitha YeOksijini	60,000 miles	Umsebenzi wokwakha, ukugcina kwegalashe
I-Sensor Yengcindezi Yegolide	6 Months	Ubude be-battery, ubunzima bokuthinta
Isensithi sesikhrankasho	30,000 miles	Ukuhlakanipha kwegcobo yomlilo, ukuhlanjulwa kwegap

Xa Uguqulelo Kwe-Sensor Akusindisi Inkinga: Ukufananisa Izingo Eziningi Zomshini

Ikhodi yethengelela esikhona emva kweguqulelo kwe-sensor zinhlanza izinkinga zokuxhumana (isb. ukugayayo kwesilimi ngasemzantsi we-catalytic converter) noma izimpondo zezinhlanga ephambili. Sensor yesithombi sezulu esiphosha isimo esinjalo ngaphandle kokunyukelwa kwesithombi? Khangela imisebenzi yomthanti noma amathreshi wovoltaji be-ECM (Engine Control Module) usebenzisa idatha yesixhobo sokuchazela ngokubili.

Imibuzo Ebuzwayo Ngamaphuzu Omshini

Yiziphi iziphuzu ezihlukenekaziyo zomshini?

Iziphuzu ezihlukenekaziyo zomshini zifaka i-oxygen sensors, i-mass air flow sensors, i-temperature sensors, i-engine speed sensors, i-tire pressure sensors, ne-oil pressure sensors.

Ngani na ngakwazi ukwazi ukuthi siphuzu somshini siphosa?

Izithombe zophoso lwesiphuzu somshini kungaba khona ilanga esiqhubekayo le-check engine, ukuqala, ukuphazanyiswa okubi, ukuncipha kwebhengu yendiza, nokugcwalisa kwephuma kwe-exhaust, njalo njalo.

Iziphi iziphondo azisetshenzisa ukufananisa izinkinga zesiphuzu somshini?

Isikhangiso se-OBD2 sisetshenziswa kangangokuvamile ukufaka isifo sesithuthi sezimoto ngokufunda imikodi yezifo zokulungiselela ezigcinwe kwaye ukuhlolisa idatha ngexesha eliqinisekileyo.

Kungakanjani umkhawulo wezikhathi ozifuna ukukhohlwa izisithuthi zesithuthi?

Izisithuthi eziphambene kakhulu kufuneka zikhohlwe ngokuvamile — izisithuthi zenjini zingama-60,000, izisithuthi zengqondo yesiphiwo ngexesha elinesihlanu, nezisithuthi zencinci zingama-30,000 mil.

Ingaba ukungahleli kwezisithuthi kungahlawula inzuzo yenjini?

Yebo, izisithuthi ezingenakusebenza kungahle kuhlaziywa kakhulu inzuzo yenjini. Umzekelo, isithuthi esiphoshelekileyo senjini yokunyusa injini kungabeka amanzi nge-10-25%.