Yintoni oxygen sensor iyenzileyo kumandla wokusebenza kwezibhobho?

Indlela Esebenzisa Ngayo Amainsjecta Efuel Futhi Iindlela Zabo Kuqeda Kwehlise

Ukusebenza Okubalulekile Kwefuel Injectors KuZinhlelo Zemotile Ezintsha

I-Fuel injectors ihamba ngokufanayo ne-valves eziphambene kakhulu ezifumana amathushelo avo kwi-engine control unit, okanye i-ECU ngokushushu. Zijikelela izindlela zokunqelwa kwezibhobho kwi-intake ports noma ngqo kwi-combustion chamber. Okwakho kungcono ngokuthi ziyisiphiwa kakhulu kwi-carburetors zamasepeli. Lezi zinhleke zokunqelwa kwezibhobho zingakwatha kanjani kwezibhobho futhi ukubonakala kwazo kanye kwezinyathelo ezingu-100 ngosekondi. Kwenza lokhu ngokulandelela ulwazi olutholakalayo mayelana nezinto ezifanayo nezindleko zemoto, ukuthi yini imoto isebenza kanjani, futhi noma izindleko zemali. Ngokunakekwa okuphezulu, imoto iyashisa kahle noma yini indlela ethathwa ngayo. I-Performance iyashisa kahle futhi iyapheza izindleko zokunqelwa kwezibhobho.

Iqhwa le-Injeksheni nezindleko zokunqelwa kwezibhobho

Imithombo ephezulu kumathini okunikeza isitanki kusebenza phakathi kwe-1,500 ne-3,000 PSI, ekhuphisa isitanki ngemikhawulo ye-micron ukuze kudluliswe amadrop 5-10 kanye nekankanyo yombhane. Imithombo enemibandela engaphezulu iyahlula isitanki ngokulinganile kumathoni enemibandela eyodwa, ikhupha izindawo eziphakeme koma kancane kwe-18-22% futhi ikhuthaza ukulingana kwesiphindaphindo.

Ukugawulwa kwezitanki kanye neqhinga leyo kusiphandimandima

Ukugawulwa okujulile kwezitanki kuxhuma amaphoyinti we-hydrocarbon angasindiswa ngama-30% futhi kongeza ukusebenza kwezindlela zokushisa ngama-8-12% (SAE International, 2022). Amadrop amancane ahlukile kakhulu, akhiqiza umkhiqizo olungile kwezilungu nezitanki okunxuswa ngalo ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokushisa-ke kakhulu yisiphakamiso esihle kusasebenza ngokweqile ukuze kugcinwe ukushisa okungasendaweni.

Ukulungisa Umkhiqizo wezilungu-nezitanki Ngokusetshenziswa Okujulile Kwezikhathi Zokumisa

Ukucakciswa kwe-injekthu kwi-1-2 yokuqina kwegine yokuqina kwekankulu kwiindlela ezingcono kwiindlela ezingcono kwiindlela ezingcono kwiindlela ezingcono kwiindlela ezingcono. I-injekshu evela ngokulandelana, esetjwe kwiindlela zokuvuka kwegine nganye, iyahlula izigaba zokuvuka-nezokulinda kwi-±0.03 yelamda 1.0 phansi kwezimo ezingi-95%, okuyindlela yokuhlula nezimalo ephakeme.

Ukulingana kwezimalo phakathi kwe-Port ne-Port Fuel Injection: Ukulingana kwezimalo kunye nokuchukumisa

Indlela i-DFI iyahlula ukucaciswa kwezimalo

Ukuhlukaniswa kwegasoline ngqo kusebenza ngokushayela izingcinwa kugqamlezela ngaphakathi kwemoto ngokugcinelwe kakhulu, okungaba ngu-3,000 psi. Lokhu kubangela ukwahlukana kwegasoline ngokulula, okungaba ngu-20% ngaphantsi kwalo kuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokuhlukaniswa zemoto. Ukwahlukana okunconywa kuvumela amamotolo ukuba nezinkinga eziphezulu. Njengoko ukuhlukaniswa kwegasoline kwezindawo zokungena kwezimoto kungaba ngu-10:1 yokuqala, ukuhlukaniswa ngqo kungase kuthole amathuba angu-12:1. Ngokwesicatshulwa esisha sobudlako bokusebenza kwegasoline, le ndlela iyahlula ukusebenziswa kwegasoline engayilandelwa ngaphantsi ngama-9% ukuya kuma-15%. Futhi lapho abasebenzisa ukuhlukaniswa kwegasoline ngqo noma ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokugcinela, izindleko zokusebenzisa i-gasoline ziyabusa ngaphantsi. Izivivinyo ezweni EPA zibonisa ukuthi le ndlela yonke iyaholela ekunyenyeniweni kwegasoline ngama-11% ukuya kuma-18% ngokwemithwana yezivivinyo.

Ukusebenzisa i-port fuel injection (PFI) ukunciphisa izindleko nezinhlelo yokusebenza

Imicabhamaki ye-PFI iyabelana ngokuphezulu kwekuhlele kanye nokugcina 97.8% yemisebenzi yemikhanisi ngemibili engama-100 000 - oku kungaphezulu kuka-DFI 89.3% (SAE International, 2023). Umumo wokulayisha ophumelela kwiindlela zokungena kwenza isebenza sokulula, ukulinda 83% yemiphakathi yekhabhoni esingayo kwiindlela zokungena zomkhumbi we-DFI futhi ukuvikela ukulayishwa komoya ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa okuthile.

Ukusebenza nezindleko: ukulinganisa i-DFI kanye ne-PFI ngemiphumela ethile

Iindlela zomkhumbi we-DFI zifinyelela ukuphezulu kwe-6-9% ngemisebe yokugcinwa ngemva kwezindawo zokuphuma, kodwa zilayisha amaphakathi amaningi kakhulu (2.5 µm) ngu-34%. Ngokuhambelana, i-PFI iyacoca imindlela yokulayisha komkhumbi (EGR), ukulayisha amaphakathi ngu-28%, nokho iyathumela amandla angu-7% ngaphansi kwe-RPMs.

Ukungqondakaliswa kwezimali: Ukuphezulu kwe-DFI vs. ukuphakathi kwezindleko

Noma i-DFI yekela amaphoyinti e-CO nge-12% ngokilomitha, imithwana yayo ye-combustion eziphakeme yenza amaphoyinti e-PM2.5 angaphezu kwe-41% kunale-PFI. Xa izimo zokuphuma zokuphuma ezweni ziphelisa, abasebenzisa amakhahle kufanele abeke i-gasoline particulate filters-ekhanda izindleko zokwanda nge-$240-$390 ngokomkhumbi-ukulungisa le nto engavumelekile.

I-Fuel Injectors eziphakeme noma engiliziwe: Imiphimbo kwekonomi yebhensile kanye neperfomansi

Kungani i-Deposits iyekela i-Fuel Injector Efficiency kanye nekuhlela kwezimboni zokushisa

Izindlela zokuphakama kwebhensile encane kanye noma kwezindlela zokungena kwezinto ezingavumelekile kungakhiya amaphesenti angaphezu kwe-30% (Automotive Engineering Society, 2021). Le ndawo enqamulela izimboni zokushisa, ekhanda ukwenza kwezindlela ezingaphelele kanye nezindlela ezingavumelekile. Ukuphula okubi kwenza ukuphuma okungajwayelekile, okwenzela ukuthi i-economy yebhensile ikhanye nge-10-15% (Fleet Management Journal, 2022).

Imitholampawu ye-Injekthini ezingavumelekile: I-Mileage engabi, i-Idling engabi, ne-Misfires

I-Injekthini eziphakeme ziyenza imibono ethathu ebalulekile:

• imdrop e-12-15% kwekonomi yebhensile ngokuba kakhulu kwe-fuel kuxazulwa ngokwekisa ukuphila okuphansi
• Ukuhlema okukhulu noma ukulinda kukhona ukulethwa kwe-fuel okungcono ema-RPMs amancane
• Ukuhlala okungaqondile neziphupho ezisungula ngokungabi noma okungabi kwezinhlobo zokuphila futhi kuzo ukusebenza kwemoto

Isiphathimandla sokuthintwa kwezinjekthi kuzindlela zokuphila nezindlela zomoto

Izimbadala zokushukuma zidinga i-ECU ukuthi ibe yonke kanye nokunciphisa amakweyithi, ukongeza amaphelo e-hydrocarbon ngo-20-40% (Iingxelo zoMthengi, 2021). Le mbili ingongeza ukwehliswa kwekhobokazwe, ukulula kwekhiye kwaye ukuthwala ngokuphezulu ukuba engaziphathelanga.

Ukuphila kweNjekthi yamafutha ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kwamafutha

Izinhlobo zokwenza uhlelo olulodwa lwamafutha kwiinkonzo zokusebenza kwamafutha

Imiphiyakhi engaphelile iyathintsana nezixhobo zokulungisa ngama-58%, iyathintana ngqo nendawo yokulula (SAE, 2023). Ukucima ngokuphelela kubuyela indawo yokulungisa ngokwezifiso, ukulungisa iindlela zokulula ezithatha i-6-12% yenkolo. Indaba yokuqala ngokusebenza kweFleet Efficiency Study, 2024 yabonisa ukuba izinhlobo zokusebenza ezine-maintenance ngokwesibini zafuna i-4.2% ngokulula okunembile.

Iindlela zokulungiswa zokulandela ukuze kungavikwe ukuthintana kwezixhobo

1. Sebenzisa i-Tier® detergent gasoline ukuze kuthintwe ukudlwa kwezindlela
2. Shintsha iifilter zokulula ngalo xesha lama-30,000 miles (ngokwesiqhelo sabathengi)
3. Ukungasebenzi ngokuphelela phantsi kweqela elinye lesithathu ukuthintwa kwezindlela zokulula
4. Yenza iindlela zokulula ngokuphelela (15+ minithi) ukuze kuthintwe ukudlwa okuncinci

Izinto zokulula nezicathami zokucima: Iziyini okuthintwa?

Iziccleaner zokuhlanjwa kwamakhi zokunyakela umehluko kancane ukuthi kungaphandle kwe-34-41% xa kusetshenziswa ngokweqhatha. Noma izifiso sikhathise kakhulu, ukuhlanjwa okuphezulu kwe-hydrodynamic kunokusula kwe-89% yemehluko engenakwakhiwa ngokuchemikhali. Umlawuli Wokusebenza Kwamakhine NomaNgokwendle uyavuma ukuthi kusetshenziswe izifiso ezinye ngeminyaka nekuhlangothi yokuhlanjwa okuphezulu ukuze kuthuthukwe inkimbini yamakhi.

Ukuhlukanisa Imithwadi Yokunyakela Ukuthuthukisa Inkimbini Yemali?

Lapho Kudingeka Ukuhlukaniswa: Imithwadi Eshonile Noma Ayisebenzi

Lapho izinhlayiya zokunywa kwaqala ukulahla, ziyathatha kakhulu indlela lokunywa kwaqala ukushisa kwi injini futhi kuthathe isimbangela sangcamtho phakathi kweyoli neyohlo. Lokhu kungenzeka kuthulela kweyoli ngama-10% kuya ema-15% ngoba iyo yoli ayikhali ngokuphelele. Abasebenzisa izinhloso bakhona ukubona izinkinga ngokuqala ngekuphupha okungcono, ukungcola ngekuthutha noma nje ukungcola kwe injini. Lezi ziboniso eziqinile ukuthi izinhlayiya ayisebenzi kahle ngokwemijoli yezokulungiswa. Noma kunjalo, kuyekelwe ukuthatha phakathi kokulula, kudinga ukubuyiselwa, ngokukodwa kwezinhloso ezindala ezifile ema-100,000 milile ezifile. Emaphakathini ngama-milile, amasele amathrubhi aqala ukulahla futhi amakhonke akhethele kakhulu ngokusebenzela ngokuphelele. Ukubuyisa kudinga ukuthi kwenzeke futhi kungukuthi kungcono kuphela.

Isicatshulwa: Imiphumela yokuthulela kweyoli ngemuva kokubuyisa izinhlayiya zokunywa kwezinhloso ezine milile ngokukodwa

Ukuba usebenzisa idatha kwezinhlobo ezingu-47 zokugcina izinhawu eziphakathi kakhulu, sikuthola ukuthi ukubuya kwezinhawu zokunqatha kuhlela ukunqatha kwezinhawu ngokuphelele nge-12% ngesikhathi esifanayo. Kwezinhlobo ezinezinhawu zokunqatha ngqo, amaphepha amabili abuyela ngenkathi yazo kwezinye izikhathi kusukela ku-8 kuya ku-14. Izenzakalo ezinamandla zokunqatha zinezimfuno eziphambene, zokunqatha izinhawu zokugcina ngokungafani nge-5 kuya ku-9% xa kugcinwa ngokugcina. Xa abasebenzi bakubuya amaphethini amasha abalulekile, bakuthola ukuthi kubalulekile ukulungisa ukungabi nangokunqatha kwezimali kusukela kwe-9 kuya ku-10 ngesikhathi sokudla ngokwesipho sabo seFleet Efficiency Report ngo-2022. Lokhu kuthula amacandelo e-hydrocarbon ngokuphelele nge-20%. Ngoko ke lokhu kuthetha yini? Ukulungiswa ngokweminyaka kanye nokubuya kwezinhawu kuhlela kakhulu kwezinhlobo ezijele ukulungiswa kwezimali.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiyiphi indima ebalulekile yezinhawu zokunqatha kwezinhlobo?

Izinhawu zokunqatha zinikeza amanzi ngokucophele kwi injini, zinikeza ukuthi kunezimali eziphakathi kwezimali nezinhawu zokunqatha ukuze kwenzeke ukunqatha okuhle kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo.

Iziphi zokugcina amaphumpa wokunyusa imali yekhetha?

Ukugcina amaphumpa wokunyusa imali yekhetha iqinisekisa ukuthatha kweyekhetha, okungenhla ukwenza kwekhwili, okubangela ukuthola kweyekhetha futhi ukusebenza kwemoto.

Lapho kufanele kubuywe amaphumpa wokunyusa imali?

Amaphumpa wokunyusa imali kufanele kubuywe lapho kuzuzwe noma kuhlulekile, ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokuthayeleza okungcono, ukungena kwekhathuthu, noma ukungena kwekhathuthu, ngokuvamile kuvihlikilwano ezindala ezinekamile 100,000 fela.