Kungani Ukuphuma Kwemithwalo Kwezinyezi Kuphakanyiswa Emva Kokukhula Kwesensorni Yoksiyini?

Isensor esihlukile sokuhlanza ayisiza ngokushesha ekuphulukweni, kodwa kubhekisa ngokushesha ukuthi amasimbi aya kuvula phambili kusukela kuqala ukubonakaliswa kwelampu yokuchekha indawo yemoto. Uhlukanisi phakathi kwezinkampani zokuhlanza nezinkampani zokuhlanza kuyinto eyenza ukuthi isignal esingaphansi singabizwa ngokushesha kufa kwezinkinga ezikhulu. Kufakwa emandleni wokuvula, leli sensor lisibonisa ukuthi kune-oksijini ephakeme emagasesi ethile ukuze i-ECU ithole ukuthi ukuzama kwenziwa ngokuclean. Uma isenzo siphela noma sibhakisha ngamashilini ne-silicone, isignal sibhaka futhi umthwalo wokuhlanza wonke uyadlula kumlando wokuthi kunezinkinga eziningi.

Ukuthi isensor esihlukile sokuhlanza isithola njani indawo yemoto kumlando wokuthi kunezinkinga eziningi

Ukuthi isensor isivumela ukuthi kwenziwe ukulawula kwemoto ngendlela yokugcina ukulawula

Isensọ ya-okhsijini yilapho elikhulu kwezindlela zokulawula ukudla okwesikhala. Iyavumisa uhlobo lwesikhala sokuhamba nokuqinisa okwesikhala ngokuchazela ukhulu kwamakhanda okhsijini kusuka kubuso babili becela yakho yezinkorho yezinkorho noma yezinkorho ezingaphezu kwezinkorho, emva koko iyathumela ivolthi noma i-karanti ekuhambeni kwe-ECU kabusha ngosikhathi esinye sesekhondi. Isiphetho esihle sivumisa ukuthi isikhala sokuhamba siyashintsha phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuhamba zokukhanya nokufupha, kubeka isikhala sokuhamba sibuyele kuqondo lokuhamba lwe-stoichiometric apho isikhala sokuhamba sithola umsebenzi wakho omkhulu futhi sivumisa ukuthi i-HC, i-CO, ne-NOx sivumelwa ngokujanisana. Izinkampani zokuvumisa ukuthi isikhala sokuhamba siyakhanya noma siyafupha kuphela, ngakho-ke izinkampani eziningi ziyavumisa ukuthi isikhala sokuhamba siyakhanya noma siyafupha ngokujanisana, ukuze i-ECU ibuyekele isikhala sokuhamba ngokujanisana. Kuzoba konke kufanele kubhekele isikhala sokuhamba sokugcina ukuthi isikhala sokuhamba siyabheka ngokujanisana, emva koko isikhala sokuhamba siyabheka ngokujanisana ukuthi isikhala sokuhamba siyabheka ngokujanisana.

Kungani isiphetho esingasindisiyo sivumela i-ECU isiphetho esingasindisiyo

Lapho isenzo sesenzini sokuhlunga sibhekise kwezinkinga noma sikhanyiswe ngamaphakathi, kungaba kunezinkinga zokubeka ivolti emphakathini okuyinto leyo okuzoba yilokho okuphakathi kwe-ECU njengokuthi kunezinkinga zokuhlula kwezinkambo. Umkontrola uyaphendula ngokubheka isikhathi sokufaka isifuel, ukufaka isifuel ukuze usheshwe izinkinga ezingenabizwa. Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi kunezinkinga zokuhlula kwezinkambo, okusho kakhulu ukuthi kunezinkinga zokuhlula kwezinkambo, kuyasinda isithembiso esihle kakhulu kusukela ekhaya lokuqinisa isifuel, okuvula isikhumba kwe-oxygen esidingekayo ukwenza ukuthi isifuel sishwe kahle.

Kutheni kuzoba kunezinkinga zokuhlunga kwezinkinga zokuhlula kwezinkambo

Ukuphakama kwe-HC ne-CO kumgqa wokuhlunga

Ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kusenza ukuthi kubekhe kuncwadi ngaphandle kwesilinda ngoba kukhona ubukhakha obuncane kakhulu okufanele kube kusebenze ekugcineni. Lokhu okungafanayo kwe-hydrocarbon ne-carbon monoxide kuyaphuma ngendlela yamagama ethuluzi futhi kuyaphuma ngaphandle kwesibhakabhaka ngaphandle kokuthulwa. Imboni yezinkambu zokuhlola ngaphandle kwezinkambu nezinkambu zokuhlola emhlabeni zibonisa ukuthi isensọr yamagama eyodwa engeyodwa iyakwakha iziphakamiso ze-HC ne-CO phezu kwezindlela zokuphatha eziqondiswayo ngu-Euro ne-UNECE Regulation No. 83, okuyizindlela zokuphatha ezibalulekileyo zokuvumela isithuthi.

Kungani isibhakabhaka sokugcina sikhanya futhi sifayela

I-converter yekhatalitiki yadlulwe ukuthi ayongezele HC ne-CO, kodwa kunezidingo zokugcina izintemperetsha eziningi. Ukudlula kwamafuel ezingaphansi kwechamber kuyaburna ngaphakathi kwe-converter yekhatalitiki yena, kubeka ubunzima bezintemperetsha zokwesibonelo phansi kuka-900 °C. Ukugcina okuphakeme kuyadlula isibonelo sesilika, kuyakhula ubukhulu bekubeka imvume emva, futhi kuyathula ubungakanani bokuguqula ngokuphambili. I-sensor yamandla yesikhali eyasimelwe ayisayi yodluliswa ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke iyathakatha i-converter futhi iyavumela u-NOx nezinkundla zokugcina ukuphuma nangona umphumela wokuqala uyasekwenziwe ngokuphelele.

Ukufelwa Kwempilo Yezindaba Zokuziphatha Ngokwempilo Nezindlela Zokusiza

Isizondvo — Isedan esinezimiles eziningi ekhaya lokuzivisa

Umsebenzisi wemithambo wabulala isedanu esisodwa ngemile 180,000 kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka. Isikhathi sokuhlala kuyaphakamisa ngokuphelele futhi isebenza ngokuphelele emisebenzini yokuqonda ukuthi kubhekene nesikhathi sokuphakama, kodwa isifunda sesiphambili sasibeka ngokungafanele ngokuthi i-CO ibe yisithathu sezimali zokuvumelana. Isicelo sokubhala sasho ukuthi isensọr yamaphakade yamaphakade yasihlukile ngokushisa kakhulu futhi ukuthi ukuthatha kwezinkulungwane zokuphakama kuyaphakama ngokuphelele ngemilinganiso yezinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili. Isihlahla sesiphambili sibonakala singaqondi kakhulu futhi singaqondi kakhulu, okuyizinhlobo zokuphakama ezinconyiweyo okufundwa ngumsebenzisi ukuthi ahlale akhathazeki.

Isiphumo nokuthinteka kokubuyiselwa

Isikolo sakhiqiza isensọr yamaphakade esingaqondi kakhulu esihlanganisa neplatifomu yomoto futhi sivumela ukuthatha kwezinkulungwane zokuphakama ngokusebenzisa isicelo sokubhala esivumelana. Emva kwekudlula kancane, i-HC yadlula ngemilinganiso yezinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa kancane futhi i-CO yadlula emkhawulweni wokuvumelana. Isikhumbuzi sokugcina sasihlala ngokuphelele ngoba umthengisi wabuyekeka kabefore ukuthi kubhekene nokuphakama kakhulu kubegcine. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi indawo eyodwa engavumelekile iyakwenzela ukuthi isifunda sibekwe ngokungafanele futhi isikhumbuzi sokugcina sibekwe ngokungafanele okuyisilinganiso esingapheleli kunezinkinga zokubuyiselwa.

Ukufunda Ukubhala, Ukubuyisa, Nokudibanisa Isensha Yokuphatha Umfula Oshisile

Amasipho Okuthenga Nokubhala Isensha Esikhona Ngokuphelele

Ngaphambi kokufaka isensha yokuhlunga umoya, qiniseka ukuthi isikhombisa sesihluzi, ubude bokugqamisa, nokubanzi kwesibhakabhaka kufanana nesifundo sesivini. Bhala umbhali wokubhala ukuthi kunezinkokhelo zomthwalo, isikhombisa sokugqamisa esihluzi, nokukhula kwezincwadi zokuvimbela umfula. Isithuthu esihle kufanele sisebenze ngokusebenza kwe-ISO 15037 ukusiza ukuthi isensha sibe yizinkinga zokusebenza nezinkinga zokuhlala phakathi kwemifula. Singasebenzi ngokuchaza izikhombisa ezahlukeneyo, futhi qiniseka ukuthi isikhombisa sokuhlanza sithola amandla okuthi isensha sifike kumkhawulo wokusebenza ngokushesha futhi sibhale isiphumo sokuthi umoya nesiliva sifanana.

Izindlela Zokudibanisa Ezisiza Ukuthi Isikatalisti Sibe Yizinkinga

Shintsha inkambo yomoto ngokuphathelene nesikhathi, kusoloko ushinte ukungafana kokushaya okunye, futhi uhlale uhlaka lwesifaniso salwandle lisihle ukuze isibalo sesifaniso salwandle-nomoto sibe lula. Shintsha ikhowudi yase-OBD eqinile ngaphambi kokuhamba kwezindawo eziphakade, ngoba ukuba kubhekwa ngokulula ukuthi kunezinkambo eziningi zokushaya okuzoba kuthinta ikatalisithe. Landela isikhathi sokushintsha inkambo esikho kumbhalo wokusebenza, angakwazi ukuzwa ukuthi kufanele kushintshwe ngokuphuma kwemiphumela yokugcina. Ukubheka ngokuphathelene nesikhathi esisho kusobala ukuthi amakhemikhali akhulula kancane futhi ikatalisithe ibe lula, ekhombisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele futhi ukuthi izindlela zokusebenza ziyasinda. Futhi hlala ubheke ngokuphathelene nesikhathi ukuthi isistimu yokuvula siyasebenza ngokuphelele, ngoba ukuthi umoto ubheka kakhulu kuyenza ukuthi ukushaya kwenziwe ngokuphelele futhi kuyabeka ikatalisithe emkhakheni. Ukuthi isithelo sokushaya sibe lula futhi amaplagi okushaya ayisebenza ngokuphelele kusiza ukuthi isifaniso sahlula ngokuphelele, futhi kusiza ukuthi kungabi nesifaniso esingaphansi sokushaya esikatalisithe kufanele asize. Ukubheka ngokuphathelene nesikhathi kancane kuyasebenza kahle kune-ukubheka okukhulu okusha ngokuphuma kwesibonelo sokuthi kunezinkinga zokugcina.

Isensor esihlukile sokwanele kuyisibonelo sekhona sokufa kwemishini yokuqondisa, akukho konke okuphela kwekatalitiki yokuqondisa noma isilika esibi. Ukubuyisela isensor kusasa kuyabuyisela ukulawula kwezinkambo zokugcina, kubeka izinkambo zokuhlanza (HC) nezinkambo zokukhala (CO) phansi, futhi kuvikela isensor esiphambili ukuzwa kakhulu. Sibheka isignal njengezinyathelo zokuphambuka: lapho isigqumaza, ukukhala kwemishini kushaya phambili, futhi isikhundla sokuhlola sibuye sishaya phambili. Ukulawula ngokuphambuka kuyavikela ukuthembekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kwekatalitiki, kuvikela ukuthi kungabikho ukuguqula okukhulu.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umbuzo

Yini okwenza isensor efayo ekhala ukukhala kwemishini yomphakathi?

Impendulo: Isensor efayo ayisebenzi ukuthola isilinganiso sakwesifunda se-afu, ngakho ke i-ECU ibe yisifunda esifana nesifunda esihlukile, futhi isebenza isithuthi esihlukile. Izinkambo zokuhlanza ezingasolwa kanye nezinkambo zokukhala ziyadlula ngaphandle kwezinsimbi zokuhlanza, ziyagcina izinkambo eziningi kunezizathu zokusebenza. Umphumela wokufa wokubhekwa kuyasebenza ngokujulile ngoba ukusebenza kwezinsimbi zokuhlanza kuyajulile. Ukubheka ukugqumaza kusasa kuyavikela ukufa kwemishini yokuhlola futhi kuvikela isensor esiphambili kanye nezinsimbi zokuhlanza.

Umbuzo

Kungani isithuthi esihlukile sivikela isensor esiphambili?

Impendulo: Umgqumo wokugcina owengaphandle kwezinye zezindawo zokuphakama kufana ngezindawo zokuphakama kubhekisele ematshini wokuphakama, kubeka umthelela ngqo ematshini wokuphakama wokwakhiwa ngemithi. Amadigri angaphezu kuka-900 °C, kubulawa isikhombisa sokuphakama futhi kubeka ubukhulu bephakade. Uma isikhombisa sibulawekile, ukuthintela kwesikhombisa kushusha futhi amasithili amaningi ayagcina emvula yamagugu. Ukuthintela okusodwa kusiza isikhombisa sokuphakama futhi kusiza isistimu yokuthintela amasithili ukuba ibe phakade kwezindlela zokuthintela okuzwakalayo.

Umbuzo

Sizinga kuthola isihlangu esingaphansi kanjani kabefore ukubhalwa?

Impendulo: Isihlangu sokuxhumana esingaphansi sibonisa ukuthi isivinini sesihlangu siyakhula ngokushusha kumthwalo wokubhala ngokushusha futhi sibeka ikhowudi yokuthintela okungashusha. Izinkothi zokubhala zibonisa ukuthi ukuthintela kwezinsuku eziningi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele, futhi isithakazelo esishusha sokuphakama sibonisa ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele. Ukubhala ngokushusha kwenyanga yokuqala kusiza ukubona ukuthi kuyasebenza ngokuphelele kabefore ukubhalwa kwezinsuku eziningi. Ukuthola okusodwa kusiza isikhombisa sokuphakama futhi kusiza ukungabikho ukuthintela kwezinsuku eziningi nokungabikho ukuthintela kwezinsuku eziningi.

Umbuzo

Ngakwenzeka ukuthintela isikhombisa sokuphakama esibulawekile ngokungathatha ngokungathatha?

Impendulo: Ukufuphuka kwezinto ezincinci kwezinye izikhathi ezingaphansi kwezinye izikhathi ezingaphansi kungakwazi ukubuyela emuva uma isimo esingavumelekile sivulwa futhi umoto uyaqhubeka ngamadura amaningi okuhamba okuhle. Kodwa, umkhakha owodwa noma umkhakha owodwa ungakwazi ukubuyela ngokusebenzisa izinkqubo zokuhlela noma izinkqubo zokuvula. Ukuzwa phambili ngomkhakha owodwa kungahleli ukuthabatha izinto ezihlukene kwezinye izikhathi kanye nokuthintana kwezinye izikhathi. Ukuthola isimo esingavumelekile ngokusebenzisa ukulinganisa kwezintemperatura nezinkinga zokubuyela emuva kuyimpendulo eyodwa eyisibonelo sokuthi kufanele ukubuyiswe.

Umbuzo

Kuphi kwezindlela zokuhlela okuyisibonelo sokuhlela isistimu yokuvikela ukuthabatha izinto ezihlukene?

Impendulo: Ukubuyisa i-oil yomoto ngexesha lakho nokususa isimo esingavumelekile ngexesha lakho kusiza ukugcina isimo sokulingana kwezinto ezihlukene nezinto ezihlukene futhi ukunqoba ukuthabatha izinto ezihlukene kwezinye izikhathi. Ukubuyisa i-air filter ngexesha lakho nokususa isimo esingavumelekile se-OBD ngexesha lakho kusiza ukunqoba ukuthabatha izinto ezihlukene ngaphambi kokuthabatha izinto ezihlukene kwezinye izikhathi. Ukulandela isikhathi sokuhlela esithiwe ngumthwalo wokuhlela, ngakoloko okungasebenzi ngokuthi sisho ukuthi kufanele ukubuyiswe, kuyimpendulo eyodwa yokuhlela ukuthabatha izinto ezihlukene. Ukubheka ngokuphelele ngomkhakha wokuhlela okuthiwe kuyimpendulo eyodwa eyisibonelo sokuhlela ukuthabatha izinto ezihlukene.