Yini Injongo Ye-Throttle Position Sensor eMoto?

Ukufunda ngumkhiqizo we-throttle position (TPS) kunye nezindima zake zokugqibela

Umhloko we-throttle position uyenza ntoni?

I-Sensor yekhelodi le Throttle, okanye i-TPS ngokushushuza, isabela ukuba yiphi indawo ekuhlaleni kwekhelodi ngemizuzu yonke. Isendela le informesheni ye-ECU (Engine Control Unit). Kutheni ke lokhu? Kulokho kuvumela ukuntrola okuningi weqembu lokulayela amanzi ne-fuel okungenaphandle kwekhelodi, okunemehluko ngokweqile kwezindlela zokulayela kwekhelodi nokuthi yini indlela abasebenzisi bakhona ngazo. Kwezinhloso zokuthi zinezinhloso zokulayela kwe-fuel ngokwezinhloso, i-TPS isembenza indima ebalulekile ukuthi kungaba yini i-fuel esetshenziswa xa umsebenzisi avula noma vala i-throttle. Lokhu kusiza i-engine ukuthi isendule ngendlela efanele, kungaba yini xa kuthuthuka kala futhi xa kuthuthuka ngokuzuzwe, okwabasebenzisi bakwazi ukubona ngemva kwezinyathelo zokusebenzisa.

Ukusebenza okungcolile futhi indawo ye-Throttle Position Sensor

I-TPS isikhona lapho ephindaphindwa kudonga le throttle body lapho ingenhla njengoba yindlela yokuvula. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi kuthathwa lezi zindlela zokuvula futhi kuthathiwe kumathewula we-voltage owaziyo umshini. Uma ubhekiwe kudonga le-gas, le voltage iyakhula ngokukhulu. Iqala ngokungafani netholufu limaluphi lapho umshini uphindiye kuphela, kumbola futhi ikhula kuye kuzo zonke i-four and a half volts lapho ikheli le-throttle ligcwele. I-ECU inethi yale ncazelo ngisho nake lathi kunciphise ukuthi iphi ngokuthi yini le ndawo umshini uyasebenza kulo futhi kuthola isigqibo sokuthi yini le mali yokuthatha lapho kunezindzindziswa ezingaphezulu. Uma kungabi nencazelo ye-TPS, le ndawo yokuphatha imali ingase ibe yilapho iyagcina ukuphakama.

Ukuthi i-Throttle Position Sensor indlela iyahlangana ne-EFI nezinhlelo ze-ECU

Imicabha ye-Today TPS iyaproduka amasinyal digitali ehlukile ngokuhlu ngokulingana nezinzile zabo ezedulo, futhi iyapondisa ngama-5% kakhulu. Lapho i-Engine Control Unit iyasebenza yazi ukuthi yini ekuqaleni, iyakhetha ulwazi lwe-TPS ngokulingana nezimpendulo ezivumelelwe ngu-Mass Airflow sensor ne-Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor. Lokhu kusiza ukulungisa izinto ezifanalo xa kuzo kuzotshona amaplugi we-spark, ukushisa kwehlathi kwehlathi, futhi kuyakha amaphesetheli. Hlela inqubo lapho umuntu othile avula amathrottles ngokuphelele. Inqubo kudinga ukwenza isisindo se-fuel mixture ngokushesha ngokushintsha indawo lapho amainjekthu afakwe. Kodwa lokhu kungakwazi ukudala uma kuthathwe ulwazi olusebenzayo kusuka kwi-TPS.

Indima ye-Throttle Position Sensor ku-Mixture ye-Air-Fuel futhi ku-Efficiency ye-Engine

Ukulungiswa ngokushesha kwe-Air-Fuel Ratio Ngokulingana ne-TPS Data

Isensa yesithuba le throttle iphumelela kakhulu kungani ubele umxinwa wokwenza umnqamiso wokutya kakhulu ngokuba iyachaza kumncedisi wokwenyani liphawula le throttle kwiqela elithile. Xa umntu othiye kwi-pedal yesitshina, ivolti iya kuphela ngokwezantsi ukuya kwi-0.5 volt xa iyagcwalwa konke iye kwi-5 volt xa iyavulekile konke. Umncedisi wokugcina umnqamiso wokuqinisekisa le ncamelo ukuba yinto yokutya kufuneka yenziwe kwiindaweni zasemntlo. Oku kusiza ukuba kubele kusenokwenzeka ngendlela efanelekileyo nangona kuba yisigqibo esiphakathi kwezi 14,7 kwiindawo zokunyuka kwezi 1 kwiindawo zokutya. Futhi kungenjalo, xa kuhlanganisiwe nezicelo ezifile ezisemaphetheni okutya, izibokezelo kwenziwa ngokushesha kakhulu - ngokushesha kangaka njengama-50 milliseconds emva kokuba umntu amele isicelo kwi-pedal.

Ukukhathazeka kwezixhobo zokugcina umnqamiso kwezitshina nezokutya

I-TPS esebenza ngokuphephe kulula kweconywa yokudla kwiindlela ezingama-6-12% (EPA 2022) ngokukhinda ukwenziwa kwezililo ezingcono. Iisensile ezimfuneko zibangela ukuphela okungcono, kongeza ukuphuma kwezililo ezingama-30% nezililo zokunyanya zingama-15%. Ngqo ya Society of Automotive Engineers, idatha engavumelekileyo ye-throttle position iyabangela iifayili ezingama-23% zokuvikeleka kwezililo.

Isifanekiso: Ukungcola kwe-TPS okubangela Iindlela ezingcono/ezingcono

Ukulungiswa kwesi-2023 kwezinye zama-1,200 zokwehlaniswa neecode zasebenzelo P0121/P0221 kubonile ukuba amaqela angama-68% ayeyona kondisyon e ngcono xa isitandi (izivivinyo ze-TPS ngaphantsi kwe-0.4V) nezililo ezingcono ngemvume (ngapabove 4.6V). Le mfuneko yabangela:

• i-15% yokuphantsula ngokuphephe kweconywa yokudla
• inkunzi engama-40% yezililo zokunyanya zokugcina
• Ukuhlangabezana ngokuthe ngqo xa kusebenza kwiindlela ezingama-25-35%
  Kwiindlela ezingama-89%, ukulungisa uphawu noma ukubuya kwakhona kubangela ukusebenza ngokulula, kubonisa indima ebalulekileyo ye-TPS kwiqoqa le-mixture.

Umvumelelo Wokuthola I-Throttle Position Sensor kunye ne-Engine Control Module

Yini xa i-TPS iyathumela iivoltij siqinisekiso kwi-ECM ngokwesiqhelo se-throttle

I-Throttle Position Sensor isebenza njenge-potentiometer ephambene, esinguqula ubunzima be-throttle plate ukuya kwiivoltiji ezingenakho, ngokwesibonelo kwi-0.5 volts kuya kwi-4.5 volts. Xa umntu othumela i-pedal ye-gas, ivoltiji iya phezulu ngokwesiqhelo sakuphi throttle ivulile - ukuqala kwiindlela ezingaphantsi kwe-10% xa i-idle speeds, kuya kwe-acceleration ephambene xa i-throttle evulele ngokuphelele. I-ECM yamanje athatha le voltiji ephambene kwaye iyawula ngokwesicelo se-5 volt reference system. Le nto iyavumela amakhari ukuba ngqo kuphi i-throttle yasekile ngokwemizuzu, ngokwesibonelo kuya kwi-1/10 yesiqhelo se-degree kwiinkonzo ezine-sensors eziphezulu.

I-ECM Response kwi-TPS Input: Ukuthiwa kwe-ignition, ukulawula i-idle, kunye nokupheya kwe-Load

Ukuba i-Engine Control Module ikhiphe idatha ye-TPS, iyabelana ngemigwa emitatu ebalulekile:

• Ukuqala kweIgnition : I-advances spark nge-2-6° nge-10% yokwanda kwe-throttle phansi kwezici (Izifundo ze-Federal Mogul 2022 zokuxhumana ne-ignition)
• Ukubhala kweesemnyama esikhatsini : Iqinise amavali e-bypass xa ipozishini ye-throttle iphansi kune-2%
• Ukuphatha izici zokuhamba : Iqinise ukuxhuma kwe-torque converter ngokwesivivinyo se-throttle

Imigwa ezigcwele kwezisistimu ze-ECU evelayo ukulawulwa kwe-Throttle ngokucophelela

Izinhlelo evelayo ze-ECU zisebenzisa i-TPS noma i-MAF nezinye i-data zesi-sensile yokuvulela i-maps e-throttle ezingenziwa ngokweminye, zibuyekeza 50-100 kanye ngosikhashana kuzinhlelo zokulingiswa ngqo. Le migaqo ezigcwele iyakela:

• Ukuhluka kwezinto zokuhamba (kuvumele ukuphazanywayo kweblade kude kuma-0.2mm)
• Ukuhambisa isiyalo ukusuka kwezindleko zokuvula
• Ukuhlelo kokuvala ngokusheshisa ngokuguqula amagiyara
  Kunqamulela kwezinyathelo zokuvula ngaphandle ezikhona ngemiphumela ye ±5%, izinyathelo zasegolide zamandla zibandakanya ubuncikezelwe be ±0.8% okudingekayo ukwesekela izimo le EURO 7 ne EPA Tier 4.

TPS Phakathi kwezinye I-Sensors yemoto: Umgangatho nokuhlanganisa kwezinhlelo

Ukuh comparison Throttle Position Sensor ne MAF kanye ne MAP Sensors

Izinhloso zokuxhumeka zisebenzisa amasenseyithri amathathu ukuze kwenzeke ukuxhumekayo okungu-: Isenseyithri ye-Mass Airflow (MAF), i-Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor (MAP), ne-Throttle Position Sensor (TPS). I-MAF ibonisa kakhulu ukuthi iphi inani le-ayi lokuqala, futhi i-MAP ibukeka ukuthi yini inqanawe yesiphindwa se intake manifold. Ngakolunye uhlango, i-TPS inikeza izindaba ngokulandelana ngeqembu le-throttle lapho kuthiwa yini kona ngemizuzwana yonke. Lezi zinyathelo zizonke zicaphuna i-Engine Control Module ukuze ikhankanye futhi ibone ukuthi yini engqondweni yaso kungu- yini esemthethweni lapho abasebenzisa bahlala baphepha ikhondla.

Indima ye-TPS kuKubala Kwesithuthi Sokuxhumeka Ne-Input Sensor Prioritization

I-ECM (Engine Control Module) ibalulekile kwi-TPS (Throttle Position Sensor) voltage isinyathelo ukuthola ukuthi yini umsebenzisi uyafuna kwa-vehiyeli. Xa konke kusebenza ngokuzuzwe kumaqondo amaningi, i-MAF (Mass Air Flow) isensa kanye ne-MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure) isensa kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-kuqala ngokubala okuqukethwe kwe-motore. Kodwa xa kukhona ukwenza okubanzi - fikiriza ukuthutha okuphezulu noma ukwandisa amagugu amakhulu - i-TPS yindlela enkululekile kakhulu yokuthola okuqukethwe. Kuyindlela enkosini, ngoba xa umuntu othumela i-pedal yamaqhubu, ukuguqula ngokwamanje kwe-ayiflow noma kwezishusho kwi-intake system kuthatha kabanje kwe-100 kuya kwe-300 milliseconds ukuthi kuchazwe emva kokuthi i-throttle iqala ukuvulwa. Le ndawo ethintekayo iyavumela i-ECM ukuthi yenze ngokushesha ngokubona okuqukethwe kwe-TPS kuqala ngaphambi kokulinda ukuthi kuthole inqinisekiso kwezinye izensathi.

Ukuba yindlela enkululekile kwe-TPS ukunciphisa kwi-ndawo zokwabela ngqo kanye nezinhlelo zase-EFI

Xa kufika kudonkinga ngokwesibonelo nokweyindlela ephindwa kwezinhloko, ukulawula ngempumelelo ukuxhumano phakathi kweyimali nokwehla kwenze i-Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) ibe ngemiboniso ngokungafani nje ngokuba yisilawuli esikhundleni. Manje, i-Engine Control Units iyadlulisela imininingwane ye-TPS noma kuphi kwekankulu yekhankulu yekhankulu neyimali abebizwa yabo i-sensor zeyimali. Le kombisa ikuvumela isisiteme ukuthulela xa kudonkwa iyalindi kuhulumeni ukuya kwezinye izikhathi ezingaphansi komkhawulo wemilisekonde. Ngokwemibuzo yisongo le 2024 Automotive Sensor Integration Report, amaphoyinti amancane kakhulu kwezindlela zokufanisa TPS okungaphezu kwe-2 iphesenti angenza ukuba isivinini esikhulu kweyimali sibe ngama-9 iphesenti futhi kwenze ukuba kwehla kweyimali ethulahlile kwe NOx kube ngama-15 iphesenti. Xa amakhalelwa adlula kwezinhlobo zokuxhumana ngezinhlobo zokuxhumana elekithronikhi kwezinhlobo zokuxhumana, indima ye-TPS yayikhulisa ngaphezulu kokuqinisekisa kuphela. Iyakwenza kanjalo ukuthi kushaphelwe kanjani ukuxhumana nokwehla kwayo futhi kuchithwe indima yokukhula kwezinhlobo zokuxhumana ngezinhlobo zokudonkisa iyalindi zamanje.

Ukudijitha kanye nokuphepha Imisebenzi ye-Throttle Position Sensor

Izinto ebonakala ngokuxhuma kwe-Tps ephelile: Ukungcola, Ukuphela, nokuphela kwe-Idle

I-Tps ephelile iyahlula ukusebenza, khona-ke ivumela ukungcola xa kusenokwehlisa, ukuphela okungafani nazo xa kungu-idle, noma ukuthwala kwezinhliziyo ekuhlukahluka phakathi kwe-500-1,500 RPM. Le me ngezinca zokungena kwe-voltage ezingavumeli i-ECU ukuthi ichaze ngokucacile indawo ye-throttle, okusebenza ngokungiloli kwezinto zokulayela kanye nezinto zokulayela.

Lifa le-Check Engine kanye ne-Code za Ukudijitha (P0121, P0221)

Izinto ephelile ze-Tps ziyahlukahluka zivumela lifa le-Check Engine ngekodwa. I-P0121 ichaza ukungalingani kwe-voltage phakathi kwezimo zokulayela kanye nezimo zokulayela ngokuphelele, ake i-P0221 iyabikisa kwe-voltage ekuhlukahluka xa kusenokwehlisa. Abasebenzisa le code kanye nezinyathelo ezingenakukwengeza ukuthi sensor iphela ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlola i-Tps nge-Multimeter kanye ne-Scanner ye-OBD-II

Ukudijitha okucacile kudinga izinto ezimbili:

1. I-Multimeter ephawulayo : Ihlela i-voltage kwi-TPS connector, uhlinzekela okuvela phakathi kwe-0.5V (iyagclosed) kunye ne-4.5V (iyavulekile)
2. I-Scanner ye-OBD-II : Ihlinzekela i-throttle position data ngokwesicatshulwa kwi-pedal input
   Ukuchanya okungaphezulu kwe-±0.7V kwiinkcukacha okanye iindlela ezingenakuchaneka ngexesha lokusebenza kuthiwa ngokungqinelwa kwesensile.

Inqanaba le-TPS Recalibration Emva kokutshintsha

Ukubuya kubalwa ngokutshintshelwa kuyimfuneko kwiindlela zokusebenza ngendlela enene:

1. Hlela i-ECU adaptive memory ngokusebenzisa i-scan tool enye yobude
2. Yenza umyalezo wokungcola: sebenzisa i-engine kwi-idle ngemizuzu engu-2 ngaphandle kwezinto zokusebenza
3. Qinisekisa ukuba closed-throttle voltage iyafaka 0.48-0.52V ngokusebenzisa i-scan tool
   Ukungcolwa kubuya kungase kubangela ukungqinelwa kwe-idle okanye iindlela ezinokugqitywa ngokwesicatshulwa kwe-torque converter.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Yiziphi izindlela zokubonakala kwe-Throttle Position Sensor eshiyayo?

Izindlela zokubonakala kwe-TPS eshiyayo kufaka phakathi ukungcola lapho kuhlela, ukungcola okungathintekile lapho kungu-idle, amaspeedi wemoto angahlanjiswa, ne-RPMs angavutshelwa. I-Check Engine Light ingathakatha futhi ikhwezi imikhiphakanyiso yesilomo.

Yini indlela ethi Throttle Position Sensor iyahlukisa ukusebenza kwezindleko?

I-TPS esebenza ngendlela ilayishwa iyagcina ukuthi ukuthunyelwe kweyamali nezililo kunguqukthe kahle, kuyahlukisa ukusebenza kwezindleko nokwekhumela amadoda. I-TPS engisembe kungakhiya ukuphunywa okungqamane nokwekhumela amadoda amakhulu.

Yini indlela abasebenzisi bavikela ngayo i-TPS?

Abasebenzisi bavikela i-TPS ngokusebenzisa i-OBD-II scanners nezinhlayiya zemali zokulinganisa ukulinganisa amavoltaji nekuqinisekisa izinkinga zesensolo ngokusebenzisa imininingwane yamuhla.

Kungani ukubuyekezwa kuyakuhle lapho kuthathwe i-TPS?

Ukubuyekezwa kuyakuhle ukuthi i-TPS isithume amaninziwe amathathu kwi-ECU, kuyakuhle ukungu-idle nokuyahlukisa imisebenzi yotshintsho. Ukungabuyekezwa kungakhiya ukungu-idle okungahlanjiswa.