Ukuphakama Kwesensolo Yokuvumela Ikhwakhiweyo

Kanjani Isensolo Yokuvumela Ikhulisa Ubudlelwane Bokuvumela-nezulu Ukwenza Ukuphunyezwa Okuhle

Inkqubo Yesensolo Yokuvumela Ku-Air-Fuel Ratio Control Ngokushesha

Izinhloso zokuxhumana zisebenza njengesikhulu somthwana wokuxhumana kwezinhloso zokuxhumana, zihlinzeka kahle ukuphuma kweyoheli ukuze ubuke isimo esihle kahle sokuxhumana kwezinhloso kwezinhloso okungenani 14.7:1 kakhulu kwezinhloso zokuxhumana. Lezi zinhloso zihlinza ukuphela kweyoheli emuva kokuthi isihlahla singaphela futhi zithumele amasinyalazo esiyakhelwe kumkhombandlela wemoto. Isinyalazo singaphansi kwezingu-0.1 volts lapho kunezimali ezingaphezulu (kwaqala isimo) kuze kube yilapho kunezimali ezingaphezulu (isimo esihle). Lokhu kwenza uhlelo lapho izingxenye zokuxhumana zingathatha izinsizakalo ezincane kakhulu ukuthi zithumele isihlahla kumacilinda. Ngakho, ukuxhumana kusebenza ngokuhle futhi amaphepha amaningi amaphansi aphuma kweyoheli, ngaleso sikhona izinhloso zokuxhumana zihle ziyadingeka kakhulu kwezinhloso zokuxhumana.

Ukuhlinzeka kweyoheli (O) ne-Carbon Monoxide (CO) Amathuba wekuxhumana kwekhiye

Ukuthola imiphumakelo ehlukile kwezindlela zokuxhumana ne-oksijeni kuyindlela enkulu xa kubalwa ukungcono kwezindlela zokuxhumana phakathi kwezililo nezililo. Xa kukhona okuningi kwe-oksijeni, lokhu kusho ukuthi imithi yemimoya ingasebenza ngendlela ethile, okungaba nokuthi kwehluleka ukuphela kwezililo futhi kube khona okuningi kwezililo ezinhle zokuthiwa kwi-atmosferi. Ngendlela enye, uma izindlela zokuxhumana ne-oksijeni ziphansi kakhulu, lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona imeko yendlela ethile lapho ukuphuthwa kwekhabhoni monoksidi kungaphezulu kakhulu. Manje, amakhulu amaningi asebenzisa izinhloso zokuvumela eziphumelelayo ezilondlela zibheka lokho obizwa ngokuthi amagama ka-lambda somewhere around 0.8 for rich mixtures konke indlela up to about 1.2 for lean conditions. Lokhu kusiza ikhompyutha yomakhine ukuthi ikhombise ukuphephile kwezindlela zokuxhumana, khiphe ukuthi kwehluleka ukuphela kwezililo, futhi ngokokugcina ukuthi isithuthi esikhulu sokuguqulela amagama asithathe isimo sokungcola kakhulu ngokugcina.

Ukuthiwa kwezinhloso zokuxhumana ne-oksijeni kwezindlela zomaneje wemimoya ezintsha

Izinhloso zamakoti ezintsha manje zifakwe ngamaphesenti e-oksijeni noma amaphesenti wokungeniswa kwegazi (MAF) namaphesenti yokubeka isitshalo ukulawula izingu ye-eyi-fuelu ngokuhle. Lezi zilandelayo ezikwisikhaleni phambi kwekataliti kungenzeka ukulungisa izisetho zokungeniswa kwefuelu, ngelokho lezi ezindaweni ezikwisikhaleni pansi ukubona ukuthi yini ikataliti isebenza kanjani na kungaba izinkonzo zikudinga kakhulu. Ngokuthiwa kusuku lase 2000 lezi zinhloso zokungeniswa ngokuphelele zenza ukuthi kuvunyelwe ukulandwa ngokuphelele kweengu kwe-eyi-fuelu kusukela kusibonakaliso se 12:1 usuku kuya 20:1. Le mbono enkulu ikhuthaza izindlela ezinhle zokuphatha imithi kanye nezindlela ezinhle zokusebenza ngokushesha kwezinhloso zokuphuma ngemoto. Ngokuthiwa konke leto kuvunyelwa ukuthi kuvukele ukuthola kwezimali kwezinhlobo zasekhaya zokuthenga kusukela kusibonakaliso se 8% usuku kuya 12%. Futhi kuvunyelwa ukuthi kuhlangene nazo ezinhle zokuphila ezikhundleni eziphambene nezimo eziphambene njengaleyo ye-EURO 7 nezinye izidingo zase-EPA Tier 4 kakhulu kubaluleke kwezinhlobo.

Ukuphakama kwemali yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa ukulungisa kwezixhobo zokumelana nezixhobo zokulungelelwa kwezililo

Izangca zokulungelelwa kwezililo kunye nezixhobo zokulungelelwa zezililo

Izixhobo zokulungelelwa kwezililo zisebenza njengezixhobo ezinhlelweyo zokunikeza i-Engine Control Module (ECM) ukulandelana nokuba yimali efaniswa nezinto evela kwi-exhaust ngokubangelwa kwezinsizwa. Le zixhobo zisebenza ukuba yimali nezililo eziphakathi kwe 14.7 ku 1, oku kuthula izinto ezingenakulandelwa ngokuphindwa kwe 18 ukuya kwi 22 percent xa kuthathwa ngokulinganisa nezisiteme zokulungelelwa zezililo zasendulo segunya 2023. Iinguqulelo ezintsha zenkqo ingabona izinto ezingaphepha kwe 0.1 percent kwezililo, oku kuyindlela enhle ukuba yimali ngokulingana nezimo zokulanda, na xa umsebenzi wemoto ubona okanye xa umsebenzi waphakathi kwe-RPMs encinci.

Isicathamiyo: Imali yokusebenza efaniswa kwiindleko zasegunda zase Sedan

Ukuchanekwa kwesi-2024 kwezinhlanu ezingu-15,000 zemid-sized vehicles kwabonisa ukuthi lezo ngezinhlanu zokwenzeka kwe-oxygen sensors ezifunayo 8.3% ngokusebenzisa amaphetholela ngokungafani nezinye ezine sensors ezinhlanjwe. Idatha yomqamayo ibonisa impa:

Ukubuyisela isensor ngokushesha nasekabeni kwefficiency yemvelo ye-catalytic converter ngaphezulu kwe-100,000 milile.

Ukubonisa iziphumo: 8-12% ngokuthuthukisa kwefficiency yemvelo ngokusebenza kahle kwezinhlanu

Ukubonakala kwezibonelo kubonisa ukuthi oxygen sensor feedback e optimized ikunena 3-5% efficiency ekuseni kwe lean-burn operation ne-5-7% ekuseni kwe rich mixture correction. Xa kuhlanganiselwe nokuthuthukisa kwe ignition timing, le miphumela iyafanisa nezibonelo ze EPA ezingu-12% ngokusebenzisa amaphetholela kwezingxenye zomqamayo.

Izingxenye ezingekho futhi izindlela ezingalungileyo: Noma singaba yini isensor esibonile kungasebenzi kahle

Izinhloso zokuxhuma kwe-oksijeni zinezindawo eziqondile xa kufanele kubekwe inkinobodlo kakhulu ukuthi izikhuliso zokulandelana kwekatalisitiki zisebenza kanjani. Kepha ngempela, ukwengeza izinhloso eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kungase kungaphawula phawula kakhulu. Ngokokwesicelo kwe-SAE okupapashwe kuleli yiphi lelilama, uma kube nendala kunezinhloso ezine ezifakwe kule mota enkulu ye-V8, izindleko zokusebenza kwezinhloso kwezinhloso kungase kungahole kancane kakhulu ngoba isistimu sokontrola imoto isebenta ngokubanzi kuzo zinhloso eziphambene. Futhu lokhu, kune into enguqu ngokuthi: abantu abafaka izinhloso zokusebenza ngokushesha kodwa abayikhali kahle kusistimu yokontrola (ECU) kungase bakwazi ukuthi kuzo kungahole kancane kakhulu. Kukhulwa ngokwezibalo ukuthi kunekuthi kwe-2 kuya kuma-4 phesenti yekhono lokusebenza kwezinhloso ezingekhaliwe kahle.

Indima Yezinhloso Zokuxhuma Kwe-Oksijeni Ukunciphisa Izimo Ezingcono Ne-Enhancing Engine Performance

Izinhloso zamandla zibalanse izindawo zokusebenza nokuphepha kwezimali ngokulandela ukubeka oksijeni ngokucacile. Ngokwesicathami sa-EPAs 2023 sokulungisa ukuphazinywa, izinhloso zokubeka oksijeni ezisebenzayo ngendlela engcono zikhupha ukuphazinywa kwe-oksijeni (NOx) nge-12-18% ngokulinganisa nezinhloso ezingenakusebenza, yonke le ndlela ekuphepheni ukusebenza kwemotile.

Ukubalansa Isimo Samotile Nokusebenzela Kwehlukwana Ngokulandela Ukubeka Oksijeni

Izinhloso zokubeka oksijeni zivumela ukwenza izinguquko ngokushintshashintsha kwezinhlobo zeyimali neyokuhlisa ukuphunywa ngokugcwele. Lokhu kungavimba ukusebenzela kwezimali ezinkulu ezithintana nokusebenzela kwezimali ezingaphansi ezikhuthaza ukuphazinywa kwe-NOx. Isicathami esitholwe ku-2022 SAE International sabonisa ukuthi izinhloso nezinhloso ezingenakusebenza zikhupha ukuphunywa ngokugcwele kwe-98.7% ngokulinganisa nezinye izinhlobo zemotile, ngokulinganisa ne-89.2% kuzo zomphakathi wezinhloso ezingenakusebenza.

Ukukhupha Izinto Ezikhuphakelwa Ngokusebenzela Kwemibuzo

Iindlela: Incwadi ye-EPA 2023

Izifundo kuqinisekisa ukuthi izivivinyo zokuguqula isisekelo zisebenza ngokungcono nge-73% xa kuthuthukiswa ngokwengeziweyo yedatha ye-sensor yooxijeni, okuphazamise kakhulu ukwehla kwezinhlaya ezingayilungiswa.

Isibonelo Esibini: Ukuthuthukwa Kokuqala Nokwamukelwa Kwezimali

Ukuchithwa kwezifazo nezokugcina izindlela eziphumelelayo kuvumela amakhale okwenzela ukuthi izindawo zase Euro 6 nezokugcina izindlela zase EPA Tier 3. Thatha imodeli enezo zinhlobo zami zase oxygen sensor eziphambene nezindawo - zenza ukuthi ubuncinane obungu-9% obetshiwe kakhulu ngelokho kancipha izindlela zokuphuma kwezinto ezingaphansi ngemibili yesithathu ngokulingana nezinye izinkomba ezintsha zase SAE ezavela kuleli yunile. Okuthakazelwa kakhulu kusebenza kahle kumakhale apho le teknoloji isebenza ngokuhlangana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezimotolo ezijwayelekile nezinhlobo zemotolo ye-electric. Okuphumelela kuthi? Izinga lezindlela zokuphuma kwe-Carbon dioxide liphumelela phansi kungu-50 grams phezulu kwekilomete engenakukhela ukuthi abasebenzisa lapho baphuma kakhulu noma kungakanani amandla ekupheleni.

Izinto zokwenza nezokudla kuzo kwezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa i-Oxygen Sensor

Kusuka kweZirconia kumaWideband Sensors: Ukuthuthwa kwezindlela zokulandela i-Oxygen ngokushesha

Hamba ngesi, izinhloso zokukhupha i-oksijeni zahamba phambili kakhulu ngaphandle kwezinhloso zase zirconia esetshenziswa khona ngaphambili. Izinhloso zase manje zingase kube yimali ukulinganisa uhlobo lwemali nezinkinga ezinhle kakhulu edlule kumakatha 0.1 Lambda. Izinhloso ezintsha ziyagqibela kakhulu futhi. Iyasebenza ngokuphindwe kabili ngokusheshayo kulo kutholakala ku-2005 njengoba kuchazwe kwi-Ponemon 2023. Le ncamelo isenza kwezinhloso ngokubaluleke kakhulu kumaqine okusebenzisa iteknoloji yoku-boost noma yokulingana ngokusheshayo. Kube kutholwe futhi ukuthuthukwa kwezinhloso. Izinhloso ezi-lead free ezintsha, ezifanayo nezadlule ezichazwe kwi-Envirotech Materials 2025 ezibona ngokuphelelwe kwezinhloso ukuba kungase kube yimali ukulinganisa uhlobo lwemali. Izithongo zokulondoloza kubonisa ukuthi lezi zinhloso zingase kube yimali ukulinganisa uhlobo lwemali ezingu-150 thousand miles ngaphambi kokuthi kudingekwe ukubuyiselwa.

Izinhloso ezinhle nezinhloso zokulondoloza ezivumelana ne-AI

Izinzwa zakamuva ze-oxygen manje sezingakhuluma nezinhlelo ze-telematics zemoto ngokusebenzisa lezo zinqubo ezijwayelekile ze-CAN esizaziyo, zithumela ulwazi lokushisa ngqo kumathuluzi okuhlaziya asekelwe efwini. Ngokwemibiko ethile evela ku-LinkedIn emuva ngo-2024, ukuhlanganisa lezi zifundo ze-broadband O2 sensor kanye nokuxilongwa kobuhlakani bokufakelwa kwenyuse izibikezelo zokugcinwa cishe ngo-40%. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Lezi zinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zibheka kokubili idatha yokusebenza kwenjini yangaphambilini neyamanje ukuze zibone izinkinga ezingase zibe khona phakathi kwamakhilomitha angu-8 000 no-12 000 ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Lokho kusho ukuthi abaqhubi bemikhumbi abazisebenzisa lezi zinto ngeke babe nezinkinga ezingalindelekile nezindleko zokulungisa ezincane.

Indima Ekhulayo Yama-oxygen Sensor Ezimotweni Ezingaxhunyiwe Nezixhunyiwe

Izimoto zanamuhla ezixubile zithembele ekufakweni kwezinzwa ezikhethekile zomoya-mpilo ukuze zilungise ukushintsha phakathi kwezinjini zikagesi nezinjini zikaphethiloli ezivamile. Ngokwenhlolo-vo eyashicilelwa yi-SAE ngo-2024, ama-plug-in hybrids anemishini eyenza izinto ngokushesha anciphisa ukungcola okubangela ingozi lapho kuqale kusebenza amakhaza cishe ngamaphesenti amabili kwezintathu ngenxa yokulawula kangcono ukuthi i-catalytic converter ishisa nini ngokwanele ukuba isebenze kahle. Imboni yezimoto manje nayo iyahlola izinjini ezisebenza nge-hydrogen, ezidinga izinzwa eziphambili zomoya-mpilo ezingasebenza ngempumelelo ebangeni elibanzi kakhulu lama-lambda angu-0.05 kuya kwangu-2.50. Lezi zinguquko zibonisa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo izimoto ziyohamba ngogesi ongenawo uphethiloli ovamile kodwa zisalawula kahle ukukhishwa kukaphethiloli.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Iyini indima eyinhloko yenzwa yomoya-mpilo emotweni?

Indlela ebalulekile yomsinga wokuxazulula oyijini yokuqinisekisa amandla we oyijini kwiigasoli zokugqibela. Oku kunceda ukufumana ubudlelwane obuphezulu be yantlo kune ndini, ukuqinisekisa ukuphila kwayo kunye nokunceda ukwehla kweemvelo.

Ii-sensor zokuxazulula oyijini ziphumela njani ukunceda ukusebenza kwayo?

Ii-sensor zokuxazulula oyijini ziphumela ukunceda ukusebenza kwayo ngokunikezela imininingwano ngokwenyani kumodali wokugqibela oyijini, ukuvumela ukutshintshwa kwe ndini ukuze kufinye kwayo. Oku kubangela ukunceda kweemvelo ezingaxinywa kwayo kunye nokunceda ukuya kwezimali.

Yintoni enzeka xa kuthathwa iisensileli zokuxazulula oyijini ezichaseneyo?

Ukuthatha iisensileli zokuxazulula oyijini ezichaseneyo zingakunceda ukusebenza kwayo ngokuphindwa kabini ngama 8.3%, ukugcinela ubudlelwane bekhankatha, ukunceda iimvelo, kunye nokuvikela iindlela zokugqibela oyijini.

Zintoni iindlela zokuguquka kwezisensileli zokuxazulula oyijini zamanje?

Iisensileli zokuxazulula oyijini zamanje ziguqulwe kwiimodeli eziphezulu zokwezirconiya kwiisensileli ezinezwidebandi zokunceda ukugqitha ngokwenyani, ezibaluleke kwiindlela zokugqibela oyijini ezisebenzisa i-turbocharging kunye nezinye iindlela zokugqitha ngqo.

Iindlela zokugqibela oyijini ziphumela njani iisensileli zokuxazulula oyijini?

Izinhloso zokuxhumana nezinhloso zisebenzisa izinhloso zokutholwa kwe-oksijeni ukuze kutholwe ukulingana okuhle phakathi kwezimali nezinhloso ngemva kokuguqula phakathi kwezinhloso zemoto nezinhloso zemoto, kuholela kwehlukahluka kwezimali nezinhloso zokuqala futhi kuholela kwehlukahluka kwezimali.