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Isensọr esiphilisa (isensọr yoksolwandle) isihlwa phansi kwamaphenomena amahle ekushayeni kwemotola, futhi ukubona amasignali okuhlanza kuqinisekisa ubukhulu bokushayela kwemotola nobukhulu bokugcina isenzor. Lokhu kulandela kukubonisa ukuthi yini ukubala ukungafani kwe-sensor yoksolwandle ngokufunda amaphenomena ekushayeni kwezinsuku zonke, amadatha okusebenzayo weskanthoolu, nezinkampani zokuvavanya, emva kwalokho kubonisa ikhase yomsebenzi wokuvavanya emkhumbini. Ukuzibiza amasignali kuyenza umixingiso wokuphepha ukuphatha izinkampani zokushayela kwezincwadi zokushayela futhi ukuphatha isenzor, okwenza ukuthi izindlela zokulungisa ziyizinye ngaphezu kwezinye.
Amaphenomena Ekushayeni Okubonisa Ukuthi Isensọr Esiphilisa
Ukushayela Okungafani Nobukhulu Bokushayela Okungafani
Kodwa umshini wokuphatha okungafanele kusuka emaphakathini, isikhundla sokuphatha kwemoto sibona umbuzo oyingekile ngokulingana kokuhamba komoto nesiliva, futhi sibhala isiliva ngokungafanele, okuyisithembiso sokuthi umoto ushakeka lapho uyadlala, futhi ukuhambisa kuyabeka phansi. Umshini wokuphatha owedwa wenza ngokushisa okungafanele noma uhlale ukubeka phansi emoyeni yomkhakha, ngakho-ke isikhundla sokuphatha kwemoto ayikwazi ukugcina isiliva esisodwa. Abadrayivewa babona ukuthi umoto ubhala lapho kubhekana nezinkampani, futhi ukudlala kuyabeka phansi, okuyisithembiso sokuthi kuyabeka phansi kakhulu lapho umoto uyahlanza. Uma kungabhalwa, isibonelo sokuthi umoto asihlali kuyakhula, futhi amasimbi akhulula.
Ukusebenzisa isiliva ngaphezu kwezinkinga nokusho okungafanele kwezinsimbi
Isensọ ephuthile yokuphuma kwe-oxigeni kucacisa ukuthi isistimu ibe yisistimu yokuvala kwe-rich, okuvutha ukukhula kwezindikimba zokusebenza ngokubanzi okubonakala ku-owners kusenziwa kwezindikimba. Isixoxo esihle sasemva sokuphuma kwe-oxigeni sibhala izindikimba ezingaphansi ezisobala njengomthwalo wokusebenza kanye nokuphuma kwemvula emnyama kusendlini yokuqala. Ngokuhlanganiswa nokungafanele kwezindikimba zokugcina, lokhu kubonisa kahle ukuthi isensọ ayisebenzi kakhulu ekubhaleni ukuthi kuyiphi indawo yomkhosi wokuphuma kwe-oxigeni. Lokhu kufana nokuphuma kwe-rich okuvutha ukupheleka kwe-catalyst.
Ukuthi isifundo siyisifundo ngamakholi nezindata zokusebenza
Ukuthembisa amakholi ase-OBD-II asebenzayo
Izihlathi zezinhlu zokuzisa zingahlanganiswa ngokwesifunda se-OBD-II esibhekiswe ku-SAE J1979, okusenza ukuthi izikodi zokuzisa zihlakazihlaka xa isinyathelo sesensha sikhuphuka emaphakathini akhethekile. Izinkodi eziphakathi njenge-P0130 kuya ku-P0161 zibonisa ingxenye yomkhondo noma ubungafanele kwesikhathi sokuphendula kubanki esithile nase-sensha. Ukufunda lezi zikodi ngokusebenzisa isikrini esincane siza kubona umphumela wokuqala ngokushesha, kodwa ukuthi inkodi yodwa ayikuvumeli ukuthi yiliphi ipharta eliphelile, ngoba ukugqibela kwemikhondo, ukukhanya kwemvume yamagweba, nokugqibela kwemvume yamagweba kuyabangena kulezi zinkodi futhi. Ukuchaza amadatha asebenzayo kuyasinda ukuthi uphende ipharta engalungile.
Ukufunda Amawave We-Voltage Ngokusebenzisa Isikrini
Isensọ ephakanyisiwe yomoya eyodwa eyinhle iyihlukana phakathi kwe-0.1 V ne-0.9 V ngamahora amaningi ngosikhathi esinye. Abatekisini bahlala bahlola ukuthi ukubhala kwe-fuel trim emnyenyane futhi ukuthi isensọ iyihlukana kahle noma cha ngokubhala kwe-voltage kwe-scanner. Uma ubhala kuyaphakama kumlando omnye okanye uyihlukana kancane kakhulu, isensọ ithile ukuthi ayikwazi ukubhala umahluko phakathi kwe-oxygen kwe-exhaust gas nezinye zomoya, okubonisa ukuthi isensọ yomoya ibhekisele isibizo esingapheli. Ubhala obuphakama kumlando omnye we-0.45 V yisibizo sesensọ esithile esingapheli.
Ukuthi isensọ ye-Lambda isenzeni kanjani futhi kungani isifuna
Ukubhala kwe-voltage nokulawula ukuthi isimiso siphakathi kwe-rich-ne-lean
Isensọ sa-oksijini se-zirconia sibhekisa okhokho lwamaphakathi kwezinye zezinye zokuphuma esikhathini esiphakeme nesikhathi sokuphuma kwamaphakathi kwezinye zezinye, kwenza umkhawulo omncane wokuphuma okwakha phakathi kwezinye zezinye. Lokhu kubeka umkhawulo ukuthi uphume ngokukhula uma isikhiwo senzela inkulu kanye nokuphuma ngokuvalela uma isikhiwo senzela inkulu. Isithembiso sesikhathi sokuphuma (ECU) sifunda lokhu kanye sivumela ukuthintela ukuthinta amafueli ukuze kusisikeleke isilinganiso sezinye zezinye ne-amafueli emva kwezinye zezinye zokufana 14.7:1. Ukufa kwezinye zezinye kwezinye zezinye, amafueli, noma i-silicone kuyabulawa isikhathi sokuphuma, futhi isensọ ayisekho ukuthintela futhi isikhiwo siyakhula. Ukuphuma kwamaphakathi kwezinye zezinye kanye nokuphuma kwamaphakathi kwezinye zezinye kuyadlula ukuthintela kwezinye zezinye zokuphuma kwezinye zezinye. Ukuchaza kwezinye zezinye kwezinye zezinye kuyasiza ukuthola ukuthintela kwezinye zezinye kwezinye zezinye, okufanayo nokuthi kuyasebenza phakathi kwezinye zezinye zokuphuma kwezinye zezinye; ukuthintela okungavumelekile noma ukuthintela okungafani nokuthi kuyasebenza phakathi kwezinye zezinye zokuphuma kwezinye zezinye kuyasho ukuthi kuyasebenza phakathi kwezinye zezinye zokuphuma kwezinye zezinye.
Izinqumo Zokuphuma Kwezinye Zezinye Noma Kwezinye Zezinye
Izihlombe zezinkulungwane eziningi zezinkulungwane ziyasebenzisa izisensor ezimbili: isisensor sesihlombe sokuqala phambi kokukhokhela kwekatalitiki futhi isisensor sesihlombe esesiphambili emuva koko. Isisensor sesihlombe sokuqala sibuyela umkhakha, ngakho-ke isisensor sesihlombe esesiphambili sijabula ukuthi ikatalitiki ibuyela ukuphatha ukuphuma kwezinye izinto. Uma isisensor sesihlombe sokuqala isifuna, kubonakala kuqala ukuthi ukusebenza kwemoto kufana nokuthi kuzoba yinkokhelo yemoto, ngakho-ke uma isisensor sesihlombe esesiphambili sisebenza kancane kubonakala kuphela isilumkiso esikhulu ngaphandle kokuthi kubonakala ukuthi kunezinkinga zokusebenza ngokushesha. Ukuzazi indawo iyathuthukisa ukuthi ubhekele isiparti esifanele futhi ukuthi ungakhanyelwe ukubuyela isiparti esihle ngokomlando.
Isimo Sesihlombe Sokusebenza Nezindaba Zokuhlela
Umbono Wokwakhiwa, Inkinga, Futhi Umphumela Wokuhlela
Isikamuzu sesifunda esinesi-2012 sasembele kufika nge-lampi yokuphakanyiswa kwezinkinga, isikhathi sokuphuma kwezinkambo kuyaphambana, nokusebenzisa inkambo yamanzi ngaphezu kwe-25 percent. Igarashi yavula ikhowudi ya-P0133 (ukuphendula kubanzi, ibhanki 1) futhi yabhala ubuchwepheshe obuhlelwe kumathuba emhlabeni bafana ne-0.45 V. Emva kokubuyisela isensha sokuvulwa kwezinkinga esingavumelekile ngokubuyisela isensha esivumelwe kanye nokususa ikhowudi, isikhathi sokuphuma kwezinkambo sakhuluma kahle, ukulungisa inkambo yamanzi sibuyela ekuphakanyiseni, futhi umphathi wabhabha ukuthi inkambo yamanzi yasihlukahluka kahle ngeminyaka eyodwa. Lokhu kubonisa indlela yokubona izinkinga kanye nesiquketho sokubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukulinganisa nokungabikho ukuziphatha ngokuzithemba.
Izindlela zokuthenga, ukubheka, nokudala
Khetha isensọr esihambisana ne-engine ne-connector yekhabeli, futhi uvumise ukuthi i-resistance yekhọlẹsi yokuwasha kusenziwa ngemultimeter kabefore ukufaka. Jonga i-exhaust manifold ne-wiring ukubona amaleki noma ukuvulwa kwesithunzi esingasiza ukubonisa ukuthi isensọr ayisebenzi kahle. Sula amabosso athiwe kwezithunzi, sebiza ukusebenzisa amaseyalanti ase-Silicone ekuhlakleni kwesensọr, futhi landela i-interval yokusebenzisa ekhanda. Ukucheka kahle kusiza ukuthi i-air-fuel ratio ibe yinto ephathelene nokulinganisa, futhi isikhombisa i-catalytic converter ukusuka kokuwasha kakhulu. Ukuthenga kusomunye owaziwa wokuthenga amasensọr ethu emoto kusiza ukunciphisa isibopho sokuthi isensọr asizange sifanele. Ukufaka isiparti ngokuhlanganisa nge-gasket yexhaust entsha isiza ukunciphisa amaleki okuphinda kuzameka, futhi ukuthenga idatha yokuqala emva kokwenza ukuthola ukuthi i-short-term ne-long-term fuel trim ziyaphakamisa ku-zero, okubonisa ukuthi isiparti entsha sisiza ukubuyela kwezinkinga zokulungisa ukusebenza kwesensọr.
Ukugcina kwezindlela ezinamandla kuyaphinda kuzenza izinkomba zokubona, kuye kumakho amakhodi we-OBD-II nokudatha wevolyuthi yokuqala, futhi kugcina ukubuyisa umsindo wokubuyisa. Ukuchaza okuhle kwezinkomba zokubonwa kusiza ukungabikhi umsindo wokubuyisa kanye nokugcina ukukhula kwemithombo emkhulu, ngakho kusiza ukugcina ubunzima bokuphatha kwe-motor kanye nokugcina ukukhula kwemithombo kwezindlu ngokuphelele. Ukuchazela ukubonwa kwezinkomba zokubonwa kanye nokufunda iziphakathi zokubonwa kuyisikhundla esihle kakhulu sokugcina ukuthi isikhundla sibonakaliswe ngokuphelele.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo
Izinkomba ziphi eziyasho ukuthi isensha yelambda iyaphila?
Impendulo: Isensha yelambda eyaphila kusho ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila kuyisikhathi esingavumelekile, kuyasema ukuthi kuyathinta ukuthinteka kwezinsimbi, kanye nokubuka kwezinkomba zokubonwa. Ukukhula kwemithombo kuyadlula ngoba umotor uyasebenza ngokuvumelekile, kanye nokusho kwezinkomba zokubonwa kuyasema ukuthi kuyabonakala njengesinkwa yomoto kanye nokubonakala njengesinkwa yezinkampani zokuthinteka kanye nezinkampani zokuthinteka kwezinsimbi. Lezi zinkomba ziyagcina ngokushesha, ngakho ukuchazela kanye nokufunda iziphakathi zokubonwa kuyasiza ukuthi sibonakalise ukuthi isensha iyaphila kanye nokuthi kuyisinkwa yezinkampani zokuthinteka kanye nezinkampani zokuthinteka kwezinsimbi ngaphambi kokuthenga izinto.
Umbuzo
Kungani isensha engafanele iyakhula ukukhula kwemithombo?
Impendulo: Isensọ ya-oksijini engaphansi kakhulu ishiphisa isignali esingaphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke i-Engine Control Unit (ECU) iyongeza ifuel ezingaphansi ukuhlungiselela imotolo. Le mixchura engaphansi kakhulu iyaburna ifuel ezingaphansi futhi iyakhupha ukusebenzisa kakhulu, ngokuphakama kwesikhathi sokuburna kwe-catalytic converter. Ngoba le yunithi ayikwazi ukubhalwa okuphelele kwe-oksijini kwe-exhaust, i-air-fuel ratio ibuyela iphoso kuze kube ngekuphathwa kwale yunithi. Ukuzimela ukuswitcha kwe-voltage kusho kahle uma isensọ ithile isiphosile ukuswitcha futhi kufanele ikhishwe.
Umbuzo
Isicelo seskanini sibonisa ukuthi kukhona ukugqamuka kanjani?
Impendulo: Isicelo seskanini sifunda i-voltage elive kwe-heated element futhi lisibonise i-short-term fuel trim. Iyunithi enenhloko iswitcha izikhathi eziningi ngasekholeni phakathi kwezinto ezincane nezinkulu. Uma umgca ubuya emhlabathini noma uswitcha ngokushisana kakhulu, ukuswitcha kuthile kuphosa. Ukulinganisa izindlela zokufunda kwe-upstream ne-downstream kuvumela ukubona uma i-catalyst ibalulekile nangalokho, ukubona okuphelele kabusha ngaphambi kokukhishwa kweminye imithombo kwe-exhaust system ngokwenziwa kwezixhobo.
Umbuzo
Ngakho-ke isensọ ingakhishwa noma ingaswayishwa?
Impendulo: Ukucisha kakhulu akakwazi ukubuyisa isenzor ephuthile ngokuphutha kwakho kuba umphutho uphakanyiswa kwelementi yecelamiki apho amasolventi akwazi ukufika. Ukusosha okuncane kwenkundla kungasuswanga, kodwa ukuphutha ngokusha noma ngokuphutha kwe-ash yokholi kuyisilingo. Ukubuyisa ngokusebenzisa isenzor esifanayo nokulinganiswa kuyisilingo esihle. Ukuchaza okukhutshwayo kwe-resistance nokuchaza okukhutshwayo kwe-waveform kubonisa ukuthi ukucisha kuyisilingo esihle noma kufuneka ubuyise isenzor entsha ukuze isebenze ngokuphelele.
Umbuzo
Kuphi isenzor esingaphansi kufuneka kuchazwe kuqala?
Impendulo: Chaza isenzor esingaphansi kuqala ngoba isibopheleza isilingo sokuhlanganisa kwe-air-fuel futhi isikhuba isikhathi sokuphapha nokusetshenziswa kwe-fuel ngaphezulu lapha isilingo siphuthile. Isenzor esingaphansi kusobala isilungisiwe kwe-catalyst kuphela futhi kungenzi isikhathi sokuphapha ngqo. Ukufunda izi-waveform zombili zokuzwa kubonisa iphi enye eyadlula ukuguqula. Ukuzimela kwenyindawo eyodwa kungavimba ukubuyisa isenzor esihle futhi kusokhupha isikhathi sokuchaza kumkhumbi wokusebenza futhi kusokhupha ikhuluma yezindleko zokurepara.