Ukuzimiswa kwe-Sensor yomgubho wosizi kumsebenzi we-engine

Umfundo Wokusebenza Kwesensor Yendawo Yomgubho Wosizi Futhi Kuthini Kukhangelwa Ngayo

Umkhuba: Indlela Uyifundisa Ngayo Isensor Yomgubho Wosizi Ubude Bemigqa Nezindawo

Izinhlelo zokugcina izivivekeli zisebenza ngokuthatha iqiniso lezinkinga ezincane kwi-ring yokuxhumana engibizwa ng wayeka yimpilenge, okusungulwa ngokushesha empilengeni. Ngekekinga ngalokho kuyaphazamisa amaphara emvola embala. Lezi zinhlelo zilandela okukhulu izinhlelo zomoya noma teknoloji ye-Hall-effect ukuze zithumele wonke lo mbali kuNgcobo WeMotora, engibizwa ngokuvamile ngayECU. Kukuthini lokhu kusho? Kungcono, i-ECU ingasabalaza kabusha ukuthi impilenge ishayishe kangakanani, ngokuvamile kungenzeka kuphela noma kuqeda izivivinyo ezimbili ngokomlando waseSAE ngo2021. Ngaphezu koko, inazi ukuthi umuntu ngamuphi umphindo usuke ekugcineni kumazinga omncane ka-0.1 we-crack angle. Wonke lo mbali ngexabiso liveziqinisekisa ukuthi ixesha lophuhliso luphulaphula, noma xa impilenge ishayishe kakhulu kune-6,000 RPM. Kwizokwelapha izimoto ezingaqondene nokunakekelwa kwemoto, ukutholakala kwalokho kunciphisa kakhulu kubaluleke kakhulu kuzindlela zabo zokudizayina.

Indima Yosayithi Sempilengeni KwiZinhlelo Zokuphatha Imoto Ekamanje

Izinqinimba zokuphatha injini eziselwa namuhla zifunda izimpendulo ezingama-300 ngosekondi ukulawula ulwazi olutholakala kusenseki lokugqamisa. Lokhu kumethula ukuzima kwesipheke, ixesha le-injectors zilindele ukuvulwa, kwaye ukulungisa ixesha levalves xa kudingeka. Ngokwesicwangciso saseBosch okwenziwe ngoPincinci, naphi na ixesha eliphelileyo elingaphezu kwe-microseconds engu-50 ekusebenziseni lolu lwazi luthintela ubunzima bomthwalo wokuvutha phantsi kwe-8% kuya kwe-12%. Kuthetha yini oku? Ibhenshi engasemshini iyakha i-hydrocarbons ezihlukileyo emoyeni. Ngoba isenseki esithile sisiseko sesiqalekiso, singenjalo isenseki esikhomba ukuba kuyindlela eyenzeka ngayo izistemu ezixhasayisayo zokuphatha injini ukuze iphathe ngendlela efanelekileyo nakaphi na kondlo olufunyanwa ngaloluxolo.

Ukuthuthuka kukaKwamathuba kuKhowudi yeTiming ngendlela yeCrankshaft Sensor Data

Ngaphambi kwezingu-80, izinkulungwane eziningi zasendle zenxilongwa kumagunya amamekhanikali ukuze ake kube yilapho isikhathi se-ignition, kodwa lezi ziqiniso zazinezinkinga ngokuhlukunyamala kusuku ngusuku okwakhiwa isikhathi esidlinjiwe ngama-5 nge-degrees. Uma izimfundo zezinhlanziseli zambiya kusistima sedijithili enegcine emaphethini yesiphaphalatshe, zange zibone ukuthuthuka okubalulekile kusayensi esingaphezu kwe-0.1 degree. Lokhu kwakha kwenza ukuthembeka kube kufanayo kangakanani phakathi kwezimo ezahlukene zokuphindaphinda. Uhlaziyo olutsha lwe-EPA ngo-2022 lwabonisa ukuthi lokhu iguqulo lesayensi lithula ukuphuma kwe-nitrogen oxide ngama-32% ezigasini. Futhi kwalungiselela izinhlayiya zomshini ukuba zenze izilungiselelo ngokushesha ngokwesizathu njengezintalo, izimo zempilo, futhi nezihluko zombila ngaphandle kokudinga ukuthinta kwesekela.

Ukulungiselela Kwe-Sensor Ukuthole Isinyathelo Esigcwele

Ukufakwa kwangempela kuthuthela kuziphumo zokuvumelanisa, okunikeza i-$2.1 billion ngayonyaka ekukhawuleni nezidingo ze-diagnostic (NHTSA 2023). Abasebenzi basebenzisa izixhobo zolwebi lokulinganisa xa befaka okuphindwe ukuze bethembele ukuba izidingo ze-OEM zizifakelwe, bakhusele umba wesinyo.

Indima yesensori yecrankshaft ekuvuleni kwaye kubala ixesha le-injection yencwadi

Uvumelano phakathi kwe-spark nokuletha kwezincwadi ngokusebenzisa imiyalelo yesensori yecrankshaft

Isense indiza isenza ngendlela efana nometronome yomshini, iyathumela kabuhlungu ulwazi ngokushesha kwayo kusuka kuthi izipini zikhona phi ngexesha elithile. Xa ikhetha izinto ezincinci eziphakeme ezizwiwa ngokuba yi-reluctor ring, ibhalela i-spark plugs ukuba ziqhase, ngokuvamile phantsi kwedigri 1-2 ye-timing efanelekileyo. Ngexesha fanelayo, iyathumela amashoni okuvula i-fuel injectors ngaphambi kokuba zaqala ukuxhamla izinyawo zokungena. Ukuba kukho into eyenzeka engcono nale seshini, inzulu yezimoto zamanje ayifani nakukuphela ngoba iyaphila kakhulu kule mi shoni xa kufuna ukusungula nokuzisa konke okusebenza kakuhle. Iimpawu ze-endustri zibuyisela lokhu, njengoko kutyholwa ngu-Counterman aphayeleyo emva kwegama leenkqubo zokunika inja.

Ukuthini Kwemishoni YeCrankshaft Sensor Kuchaza Izigqibo ZeECU NgeTiming

Isixhobo sebumbane lomshini siqiniseza izindlela zokuphazamisa kwekhabhini yokugcina isikhathi sokuthwala nokunyakaza kwamandla. Uma kukhona phoqa ngama-10% kuphela ekhombeni lokhawuza kakhulu, lokhu kungahlinza isikhathi sokuthwala ngaphakathi kuka-3 ukuya ku-5 degrees. Phoqa le ncamango lingahluleka ubuchwepheshe bekukhuni ngaliphansi kuka-12%, ikakhulukazi xa kubonakala kumashini athuthayo. Izixhobo zekhabhini zikhethekile ekhombeni iindinyana zizofika nini, kodwa xa kukhona ukungqamana phakathi kwezixhobo, i-ECU sisondelela kuthetha ikhabhini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuba yintoni eyimbi imfuneko yokufunda ngokuchanekileyo kwekhabhini ukulungiselela konke okuhambelana nokuphazanyiswa kwamapistani aphakathi kwebhloko.

Umzekelo: Ukuncitshiswa Kwesiphazamo Kumanjini Athuthayo Ngokulandela Kwisixhobo Esilungileyo

Umbuzo wokwenzelwa ngeminyaka engu-2023 kumoto wesiphiwo esibhujiswa ngokudla ngokugcwele kwakubonisa ukuthi izikhungo ezinezimiso ephakeme zikuphumula izivivuno nge-37% phakathi kwezibuko ezinobukhakhakha. Inkinga yazo yokuthola izinguquko ezincane kusaphazamiso kwekhandila yekhandila kuyezelayo ukuthola ukuthakatha okufutshane nokulungisa kwalokho kwezithembiso, okunikeza ubunzima bokuvivuma phakathi kwezidingo eziphambene.

Ukusebenzisa Kwezikhungo Zesigaba Esibili Ukuvuthela Okuningi Kwesikhathi

Ukuze kudluliswe izidingo phakathi kwe-RPM enkulu, imithuthi yesimanje iyasebenzisa izikhungo ze-crankshaft ezimbili ezihlanganisa izinhlayiya ezincane nezinconyane. Leli dizayni likhula isikhathi esingaphansi kwe-0.1 degrees—lokhu kudingeka kumithuthi ibaleke ngaphezu kwe-7,000 RPM. Ababhengezeli bakhombisa ukuthuthuka kwe-15–20% empendulo yethiwini ngemuva kokusebenzisa, njengoba kuchazwe emvabeni yokulawula isikhathi ngendlela ephathelene nempahla.

Ukubaluleka KweNgeni Yokulawula Imoto Ekutholeni Idatha YeSikhungo SeCrankshaft

Imithuthi yesimanje iyibala isensithi sesikhrankasho njengomthombo ohlenzileyo weqiniso lokulahla, ukuphatha kwezithuthi, nokulawula kwemithwalo. Umqondo walo ophindezelayo ongathishiwa uhlinza imisebenzi yomoto ngokuchanekileyo kuzindlela zonke zokuhlala.

Ukusebenzisa Kwegalelo Lokuphatha I-Electronic (ECU) Kwesensor yeshafti yokugcina Ukusebenza Okukhethekileyo Komoto

I-ECU isebenzisa iziqinisekiso zesensor yeshafti yokugcina ukusungula ixesha ngalinye, ukubala ubude bekuphumayo kwezithuthi, nokuphatha imiyalelo yezimoto yomoto nezibophezela. Ngaphandle kwaloo minyaka, i-ECU ayikwazi ukuyekela izilinganiso ezihle zewayese nozithuthi noma ukukhokha ukungabi namphumela, okuholela ekungeniseni kwezimo.

Umzobo Wodadewabo Kusuka Kusensor Yeshafti Yokugcina Ku-Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Kwiindlela Ezivalelweyo

Kwiindlela ezivalelweyo, i-ECU ichazela idatha yeshafti yokugcina ngendlela ethunyelwe kuqala ku 4,000 imini ngexesha ukuguquka okwahlulwe kuthumela utshintsho olungekayo:

Ukulethana kakhulu kwalokhu kungavikeli ukugcweba ngaphansi kwesilawuli futhi kugcineke ukulandelana ngezilingo zokuthwala ekuqaleni kwesitshixo sezivimba,

Isibonelo: Ukusungulwa Kwemodi Yekhodi Yomsebenzi Ophansi (Limp Mode) ECU Kuma-Moto WeFord EcoBoost Ngokungasekelwa Kwesithungukeli

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinkulungwane ezingu-1,200 ze-Ford EcoBoost kubonisa ukuthi 63% yeziganeko zomsebenzi ophansi zavutha kumanyathelo awadala esithungukeli seshafti yesipha. Xa umdalo weshishini weyasekhona phansi kuka-92%, i-ECU ibuyela ekusebenzisana nokulinganisa okuphansi (5°–10° oluhlaza), kunciphisa umsebenzi ku-22–31% ukuze akuvikele umsebenzi wamandla, njengoba kuchazwe kuzinhlololwano zedijithali zokungasekelwa kwesithungukeli seshafti yesipha.

Ukuthuthukisa Izinhlelo Zokudala Isimo Esingaqondakali Ngaphakathi Kwe-ECU

Izinye-i-ECU ezizayo zisebenzisa imfundo yokumelana ukuze asithole isimo esingaqondakali kwesithungukeli kusuka kumdlalo wemifuyo yemifula. Ngokuhambisana izinhlolo kusithungukeli seshafti yesihlalo, sithungukeli sobunjani, nezinhlolo zokukhula kokuphumula okushisa, le minyaka ingcinezela izimpendulo ezingalungile ngu-41% futhi ingcinise izindlela zokudala isimo esingaqondakali ngo-18 milliseconds ikusuka kumendolo ethu.

Izinkinga, Ukugcoba Kungcoliso, Nokuthiphelwa Kwesimo Sokuphazanyiswa Kwesithili Senjini

Izinkinga Ezihlukene: Lifa Eshaya, Ukulala Kancane, Namaqondo Esikhathi Asikho Kuqala

Xa isithili senjini siqala ukupheleka, sizondla kakhulu izimemo ezahlukene zolifa olushaya, emva koko kusenza injini ilale kancane ngamaphasi akho aphindaphindana phakathi kwe-300 ne-500. Kusengaphandle kwesayithi? Iyuniti yokorhola injini ayikholwanga kakhulu kumathuba wakhe futhi, ngakho-ke kusenzeka ukuthiphelwa. Izinto ziyagcina ukuthi kuyisisekelo esiphindwe sibonakalisa inkulumo ekugcineni kumthwethwe. Lokhu kumenza amaphompi ajwayele ukushaya ngendlela efanelekile xa kuqala ukuzama ukuqala injini, ngamanye amaxesha kusenza abasebenzi bahluphe umsindo. Abagcini babona leli candelo kakhulu - ngokwembono yezimali, maphakathi kwezinye i-4 yezingu-10 zokuhlupha okuxhunyanwa nesithili esiphathelene sibonakala ngomzuzu othile kamva kuka-kuqala ukubona ukulala kancane.

Izixhobo Zokugcoba Nezindlela Zokufunda Izinkinga ZeSithili SeCrankshaft

Abasebenzi bajabula indlela ephathelene yokufakela imiba:

1. Ukuchaneka Kwekhodi : Izikhenkhezi ze-OBD-II zithola iikhodi zomiba ezingama-P0335–P0339 ezixhunywe nomdla obanzi okanye izinkinga zesinyo
2. Ukubonakala Kwesinyo : I-oscilloscopes ihlawula ifomu yesinyo, isikhathi, nesilinganiso ngokulingana nezibonelelo ze-OEM
3. Ukuhlaziywa KwiBhenshi : Ukulungiswa kwebhodhi (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-500–1,500Ω) kwenziwa phakathi kweminyaka yokuphakama ukuze kuthintwe ubunzima bakhodi engqonge

Kumasesenzi we-infrared okanye digital, ukulungelelana kude kube 0.5 mm wosizi olusondela kumoto kuyiyo ekubalulekile ukuze kuthintwe ukungafumaneki kwayo esinyeni.

Isenzo Nezibophelo Zesesenzi ze-OEM Ngeseserivisi

Izinhlelo zasekhanda ze-OEM ziqukethe i-epoxy ephathelene ukuthi kunciphise izimiso ezibangelwa ngamanzi ngama-63% kunazo ziningi izinhlelo ezingaphandle, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakhulu emaqondini amahlungu.

Imfazwe Futhi Imfazwe Emgceni Kukusebenzisa Isensori Esilungileyo Se-Crankshaft

Iziphumo Ezodwa

• ukuphazanyika kuka-9–14% ekushintshweni kwesipho
• ukunyuka kuka-50% kwezimali ze-NOx
• Ukudiliza okukhulayo kwebhlagi yekhaphule ngokuhlehlwa kokusimama

Ukusebenza Okude

• Ukulahlekelwa kwe-crankshaft bearing ngengcindezi enezipho (kuya kuya ku-22% ukuphazanyika kwesivimbo)
• I-ECU isenzelwa endaweni yokuvula-ihlayezo, iyokuphindaphinda izimali zezinto ezingavunyelwanga
• ingenako yokuba ibe yingu-78% yokulahlekelwa kwezinye iziqhamo ngaphakathi kwe-1,000 miles

Ingenako Yokulahlekelwa Kwiconverter Ye-Catalytic Futhi Izingo Ezakhelwayo Zokulungisa

Ukungabi ngezikhathi eziphakade kusabela i-hydrocarbons ezingalahlwa kumjikelezo, ukuthwala kwakhona i-catalytic converters. Izivikeli zolaborithori zibonisa ukuthi izinkululeko ze-substrate ezintathelene ne-1,472°F (800°C) ngaphezu kwezimini ezi-15 zasula isimo esiphethile sokuphazanyika kwe-ceramic. Iindlela zokulungisa ngokupheleleyo ziphakama ku-$1,880, kubandakanya ukufaka kwakhona kwe-sensor ($145–$410) nokufaka kwakhona kwe-catalytic converter ($1,200–$2,200). Kwi-42% yezinhlobo ezigxilwayo, kudingeka ukulungiswa okwengeziwe kwe-exhaust manifold.

Ukuthi I-Accuracy YeseNkembe Yekrankshaft Ishiyela Kanjani Ukusebenza Kwesitishi, Ukwatshiswa, Nokusebenza Kwemoto

Izegwaliso Ezincane Ethathe Inhloso Yokuphazanyika Kwe-Economy Yomsebenzi

Noma izici eziphansi—ngaphansi kuka ukuphazanyika kwe-0.5-degree kungaba khona ukuphazanyika kokuqina kwesitishi. Ubuciko bezifundo bengqikithi kubonisa ukuthi i-sensors engachazeki kuyakhupha ukusetshenziswa kwesitishi ngu 2.8%kumamandla angxilwayo. Ngoba iphazanyika yesitishi iyalela ngqo kudatha lomlando wankembe, lezi zegwaliso zihlupha ukulahlwa okuphethile, kuthathela i-ECU ukulungiselela ngendlela engeyiyo yokunyusa isitishi.

Ukudaniswa Phakathi Kwe-Sensor Precision Nokulawula Okungcono Kwesilinganiso Se-Air-Fuel

Ukufumana isikhundla seshafti yesiphumo kakhulu kusiza ekugcineni ubuncane bokulinganisa okuphakade kwezimali nge-0.25% uma isistimi sisebenza kwimodi yomqala-ophansi. Uma kukhona ukuzalazala noma ukungabi namandla kulezi ziheyile, kuthinta izimoto. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthatha kwezimali kugcwalise kwi-converter ye-catalytic, okwenzekayo ukuthutha kwe-hydrocarbon ku-1,200 iphamani ngamazinga. Lokhu kude kakhulu kunesimo se-EPA esingaphansi kwe-100 ppm. Ziningi izinyathelo zokulawula i-engine ezenza ukulungiswa kalesi sihlalo ngokwenza ukuthatha kwezimali kubanzi kunokungcono. Kodwa lokhu kulungiso kunezindleko, ezilandelayo kuthatha abasebenzisa phakathi kwe-3 kuya ku-5 miles ngagilashe ngokushesha.

Isibonelo: Iziphumo Zokuhlola Ukuphuma Kabefore Futhi Emva Kokubuyisela I-Sensor e-Toyota Camry

Inqolobane yengu-2023 yaleCamry enenziyo yokucindezeka kwe-sensor yeshafti yekhombisa izintu ezilandelene emva kokubuyisela:

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ECU kusuka kumkhawulo wokuhlala kwephetrola, kube yinkinga yokuphazanyiswa ngemithwalo ngaphandle kokusebenza kwesibindi, ngokuphelisa isikhathi sokuhlala kwegolide. 41%, ekubonisa impikiswano yesinhleli kusetshenzweni nokulondoloza komphakathi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Isensor yomsebenzi weshayela yobuchwepheshe yini?

Isensor yomsebenzi weshayela yobuchwepheshe iyalinganisa ubude be-sebe obuyinxalenye yeshayela yobuchwepheshe kumotora, ukunikeza imininingwane yosuku lwezindlela nezinhlamvu.

Kunjani isensor yeshayela ichaphazela isebenze samabhomu?

Lisensor linikeza mininingwane ebalulekile ngokusungulwa kanye nokunika izinhlamvu, ekuchaphazela ukuhlanjulwa kwemoto, ukuphazanya, nasekuqiniseni isebenze.

Kutheni izinkomba zokungasebenzi kwe-sensor yecrankshaft?

Izinkinga ezifana nokubonakala kwegcino le-injini, ukuphepha kwe-idle, nokungadingeki kokuvula. Ukungaqedi kwemfiringo nokungahambelani kwe-timing zizinto ezibonisa lokho.

Yiziphi iindlela zokwenza imali ngokungasebenzi kwe-sensor yecrankshaft?

Imali yokulungisa ingaba ifaka ukutshintsha kwe-sensor ($145–$410), ukutshintsha kwegcobo le-catalytic ($1,200–$2,200), nokulungiswa okunokwenzeka kwemgangatho yokuphuma.