Te Pānga o te Kiriata Kowhiringa ki te Whakahaere Mōhinu

Te Hīnga o te Kiriata Tūwāhi Kowhiringa me Te Take e Matua Matua ana ia

Te Kaupapa: Me Pēhea e Manaaki ai te Kiriata Tūwāhi Kowhiringa i te Tere me te Tūranga Rorohiko

Ko ngā kaiwhakauru pūtau kei te tūmanako i ērā iti mātā i runga i te porowhita e mōhiotia ana hei porowhita whakatangi e noho ana kei te pūtau anō. Ina heke mai ia mātā, ka hua ngā parirau iti haangai. Ko ēnei kaiwhakauru e noho ana ki ngā tikanga māgnita, te hangarau rānei a Hall-effect hei tuku i katoa ngā korero ki te Kapa Whakahaere Pūhiko, e mōhiotia hauānui ana hei ECU. He aha tēnei? Nō reira, ka taea e te ECU te mōhiotia i te tere pūhiko, arataki i roto i te ±2 RPM e ai ki ētahi rangahau mai i SAE i te 2021. Anō hoki, ka mōhiotia e ia te wāhi o ia pīhini ki te 0.1 kīraro i te rerekanga pūtau. Kei te mau tonu te mōhio whakarewa nei i te wā tonu i te wāhi pai, āe rā anō pea i ngā wā e piki ake ana ngā pūhiko i te 6,000 RPM. Mō ngā kaihanga motukā e ngana ana kia tōia te hiko atamira me te ōrau kōhinu, ko te whai whakautu tika pēnei he nui te take ki ō rātou whiringa hoahoa.

Te Tūnga o te Kaiwhakauru Pūtau i ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Pūhiko Kua Oti Te Whanaketia

Ko ngā wīra whakahaere inihua o tēnei rā e whakahaere ana i ngā korero mai i te kaiwhakarato piko i te tere o te 300 panonitanga ia hēkona. Mā tēnei ka taea e rātou te whakahaere i te wā e puta ai ngā awhiowhio, te roa o te wā e tu ana ngā inihua kōpae, me te tautoheke anō i te wā o te vāla. E ai ki ngā rangahau nā ngā mātanga mātai a Bosch i te tau ki muri, ko te whakaroa i runga ake i te 50 mikirorau hēkona i te tinihanga i ēnei tohu ka iti ake te uara o te kōhatu aitua i somewhere between 8% and 12%. He aha tēnā tikanga? Ka nui ake te kore-iti o te kauhua e noho ana hei karaihe kino ki ngā huamata. Hei te kaiwhakarato matua mō ngā korero wā, ka taea e tēnei kaiwhakarato motuhake ngā pūnaha whakahaere smart e pupuri ai i ngā inihua e rere tonu pai ana ahakoa he aha ngā tikanga taraiwa e āki ai i ia rā.

Te evolūhana mai i te Whakahaere Wā Māhinā ki te Matihiko mā Ngā Raraunga Kainenga

Mua rānei i ngā tau 1980, i te nuinga o ngā karaihe i te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhakarato mekanikia hei whakahaere i te wā pū mā te ēnei taputapu he raru ki te wareware e te wā pū e pērā pea rānei i te 5 kīriki. I te timatanga o ngā kaihanga karaihe ki te huri ki ngā pūnaha matihiko i ngā kaituhi tūnga kaukau, i kitea e rātou he whakapai ake nui ki te tika o te wā pū e iti ake i te 0.1 kīriki. Kātahi ka pai ake te pā ki ngā tikanga motuhake e hōhonu ana i ngā tikanga whakahaere rere. I whakaatu tētahi tātari hōhonu a EPA i te 2022 ko te tohu hanganga nei i te itinga o te huringa o te haehae hau purei ki te 32% i ngā karaihe horoi horoi. Anō hoki, i taea e ngā kaitohutohu hinu te whakarerekē tūmatanui mā te āhua o te tūranga, tepukurangi, āhuarangi, ā, ko ngā rerekētanga anō hoki i te hāngai kaukau me te kore e hiahiatia te kaiwhakahaere.

Te whakapai ake i te tūwāhi o ngā kaituhi mō te tika o te tohu

Ko te whakaputanga kore e ārainga ana ngā hapa arataki, e tāpiri ana i te $2.1 piriona i ia tau ki ngā utu tīwae me ngā utu takotoranga (NHTSA 2023). Ka whakamahia e ngā kaimahi ngā taputapu ārai pūrere i te wā o te whakakapi kia tino tutuki ai ngā paerenga e whakarārearangitia ana e te kaihanga, kia mau tonu te angaimua o te tohu.

Tūnga o te Kiriata Kowhatu ki te Whakahohe me te Wā Pātui Koroheke

Te Tatawhai i te Mātauranga me te Tuku Koroheke Mā Nga Tohu Kiriata Kowhatu

Ko te kaiwhakarato pūtau tīwae he mea rite ki te metronome mō te hinu, e tuku pūrongo haunga mō te tere o te huringa me te wāhi o ngā pūtau i te wā e tu ana. Ina kitea e ia ngā niho iti nei kei te 'reluctor ring', ka whakamohio ia i ngā taputapu ahi kia puta ai, arataki i roto i te 1 ki te 2 nekenga tika. I te wā anō, ka tuku hoki ia i ngā tohu hei whakatuwhera i ngā kaiwhakauru kikoikoi tūtata i mua i te nuinga o ngā paraihe tīmatatanga e timata ana ki te nekeneke. Mēnā he raru kei te kaiwhakarato, kāore ngā hinu hou anō pea e rorohiko pai ana nā te nuinga o te whakamahinga i ēnei tohu mō te tīmata me te pupuri i te rere tino pai. Ko ngā rangahau a te ahumahi e whakapumautia ana tēnei, e ai ki te Rangahau a Counterman i tirotiro ai i ngā pūnaha kikoikoi taua tau.

Me pēhea ngā Tohu Kaiwhakarato Pūtau Tīwae e Whai Wāhi Ana ki ngā Whakatau ECU mō te Wā

Ko te wāhi whakahaere mōhinī e matua whakarite ana i ngā panonitanga o te tuarā pūkana hei whakatau i ngā wā kiriwhiri me ngā roa inihini. Mēnā he hapa 10% anō te takotoranga o te pūkana, ka taea te tāpiri i te wā kiriwhiri ki ētahi waewae 3 ki te 5. Ka pakaru te ahungarua o te kōwaru tae atu ki te 12%, ina koa e kitea ana ana i ngā mōhinī turupōkihi. E mahi ana ngā kaiwhakamātau pūkana hei whakatau i ngā silinda e pā ana, engari i ngā wā kua tautohe ngā panonitanga, ka hoki ake te ECU ki te kōrero mai o te pūkana. E whakaatu nei tēnei i te nuinga o ngā korero pūkana tika mō te pupuri i te wā tika mō ngā pīhini e nekeneke haere ana ki roto i te pouaka.

Tauānga Tuhinga: Te Heke i ngā Pāpaku ki ngā Mōhinī Turupōkihi Trūnga Hapai Uara Whakarewa

I tūhuratia i te tau 2023 ngā mōhinī turupu hākai-tauwiri, ka whakaatu ko te heke haepapa o ngā arataki piko-veiwe i te 37% i raro i te tohu tikanga. I aha ai tā rātou āhua ki te kite i ngā panoni iti nei i te huritau o te piko-veiwe kia kitea te patuki māmā, me ngā whakarerekenga awharua e pai ake ai te pumau o te kawhena i te wā e huri ana te uta.

Te Whakaurunga i ngā Arataki Rua-Pulse hei Whakanui i te Whakamahinga Wā

Kia ū ki ngā herekanga i te RPM teitei, kei te whakamahi ake ake ngā mōhinī hōu ngā arataki piko-veiwe rua e hono ana i ngā tohu iti me te tikanga. Ka eke tēnei hoahoa ki te whakamahinga wā i raro iho i te 0.1 kīrini—mea nui mō ngā mōhinī e mahi ana i runga ake i te 7,000 RPM. Kua ripoata ngā kaihanga moni kua whiwhi 15–20% ake i te urupare poto, ina kua whakauruhia, kātahi ka tākarotia te rangahau mō te whakahaere wā tika.

Te Tata ki te Kaitohutohu Mōhini i ngā Raraunga Arataki Piko-Veiwe

Ko ngā mōhinī hōu e tata ana ki te tuatahi whakamahinga hei puna takotoranga mō te whakahaere ahi, te whakahaere koroī, me te whakahaere i ngā rāwekenga. Ko tana tataruga rerekētia e whakapau ana i te mahi pūmahara tūpono i ngā tikanga taraiwa rerekē.

Te Whakamahi ECU i te Kiriata Pūtoka hei Ngā Tāngata Matua o te Pū

Ka whakamahi te ECU i ngā tohu kiriata pūtoka kia mōhio ai i te wā tuarangi mō ia silinda, kia tātai ai i te roa whakauru koroī, me te whakahaere i ngā putanga tere pū mō te whakahaere taraiwa me ngā huri pūnaha. Mērā kāore ēnei mōhio, kāore te ECU e taea te pupuri i ngā ōtinga hau-koroī takiwhenua, kāore rānei e taea te aukati i ngā wehenga roa, ka pānga ai ki te poronga mahi.

Te Rerekētanga Mōhio mai i te Kiriata Pūtoka ki te ECU i ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Takotoranga

I ngā pūnaha takotoranga, ko te ECU e whakāro ana i ngā mōhio pūtoka ki ngā mahere wātaka kua tohua mua, e hia rau tekau pea ngā wā ia sekene 4,000 wā ia sekene ko ngā rerekētanga kua kitea ka whakautu tūmatanui:

Ko tēnei whakarerekenga marino e aukati ana i te pānga pakaru i raro i te uara, ā, ka manawapa tonu i ngā panonitanga marino o te tarau.

Tauānga Kōrero: Whakauru ECU Limp Mode ki ngā Inihini Ford EcoBoost nā te Hapa I te Kaitirotiro

Ko te anatitanga o ngā inihini 1,200 Ford EcoBoost i whakaatu ko te 63% o ngā take limp mode i hua mai i ngā tohu kaitirotiro parahiko kua heke te kounga. Nā te itinga ake i te 92% o te pono o te kaitirotiro, ka hoki te ECU ki tētahi takotoranga tiaki (5°–10° i muri), ka tapahia te putanga hiko 22–31% hei aukati i ngā pāga e pā ana ki te hinonga, kātahi ka tuhia ki ngā anatitanga whaiaronga mō ngā hapa kaitirotiro parahiko.

Whakanui ake i ngā Rautaki Rapu Hapa kei roto i te ECU

Ko ngā ECU o te whakatipuranga ka whakamahi ako-kore hei wehe i ngā hapa matua kaitirotiro i ngā whakararuraru ihirangi hiko. Mā te ūpoko-huinga raraunga mai i ngā kaitirotiro kamsha, ngā kaitirotiro pānga, me ngā tauira huringa turbocharger, kaitekau pea ngā waitohu hapa 41% me te tere ake i te 18 mirimitaunareki i ngā ara tuku iho.

Ngā Tākarotanga, Te Whakatau Mate, me ng Hua o te Maimoatanga i te Kapiha o te Senita Crankshaft

Ngā Tākarotanga Matua: Arataki Injini, Tu Rere, me ng Tikanga Kāore e Tīmata ana

Ina tīmata te maimoatanga o te senita crankshaft, ka whakaputangia e ia ngā whakatūpato kia hoki mai te arataki inihini, ka rere te inihini ki te tu rere, ā, ka neke haere ngā RPM i waenganui i te 300 ki te 500. He aha te mea e paingia ana i raro i te kapu? Kāore te kōpae whakahaere inihini e mōhio ana ki ana tātai wāwāhi anō, nō reira ka tīmata ngā pānga. Ka paku ai pea te pā ki te roronga ina tuku ana te senita korero takotoranga kino ki te rorohiko. Ka aukati tēnei i ngā injita kararehe kia pā atu tika ina ngana te tīmata i te karaihe, ka waiho i ētahi taraiwa e noho ana. Ka kitea hoki e ngā tohunga mātai i tēnei tauira—e ai ki ngā tātaratanga umanga, ka tū ake te pānga ki te senita pakaru i te 4 o ngia 10 pānga, ka tū ake anō ngā meneti mōrearea i muri i te wa tuatahi i kitea ai te tu rere.

Ngā Taputapu Whakatau me ng Tikanga hei Tautauwhiri i ngā Pāga o te Senita Crankshaft

Arataki ngā kaiwhakamātauranga i tētahi ara whai hua:

1. Tātai Waehanga : Ka whiwhi ngā kaitirotiro OBD-II i ngā waehanga hapa P0335–P0339 e hāngai ana ki ngā raru o te ara honohono, o te tohu
2. Whakauru Tohu : Ka āta tirotiro ngā wāhi tohu, ngā mahaunga, me te rahi o ngā aha aha ki ngā whakaritenga a te kaihanga takotoranga (OEM)
3. Whiu Whakamātautau : Ka mahia ngā tiro whakakīnga (heoi anō 500–1,500Ω) i te rohe o ngā wāhiarotanga kia whakamārama ai i te pūmahara o roto

Mō ngā kaiwhakarato inaera, he mea matua nui te tika o te tūranga (0.5 mm) ki te karu whakakeke kia kaua ai te tohu e wehua noa.

Te Mahi me te Tautoheketanga o ngā Kairongo OEM ki ngā Kairongo Hoko Kawe

Ko ngā kaitirotiro OEM e āki ana i te epoxy pūpahi kua whakakaha i te itinga o ngā hapa e pā ana ki te pouriakiātanga 63% tērā i ētahi atu kaitirotiro muri i te hoko, e tiakina ai te roa o te whakapau kaha i ngā taiao uaua.

Ngā Putanga Poto-hononga me te Roa-hononga o te Whakahaere me tētahi Kaitirotiro Crankshaft Hapa

Ngā Pānga Takitahi

• he 9–14% te heke i te ahumahi karaka
• he 50% te pikinga i ngā whakaputanga NOx
• Te wareware haere ake o ngā pūkete tīwai mā te whakaroa i te wāpai

Te Whakahaerenga Roa

• Te hinga o ngā pātiki kawhiri mā te karaka kua parurewa (tēnei pea kia 22% te wehe i te uira)
• Kua herea te ECU ki te arataki tuwaho, e rua noa ngā whakaputanga pārtihana
• he 78% te tūponotanga o te hinga o ngā wāhanga tuarua i roto i te 1,000 mīra

Te Tūponotanga o te Hinga i te Kaitohutohu Katakao me te Pikinga i ngā Tauine Whakatika

Ka tuku ngā tīwai kāore i te rerehua i ngā hāoraiko kāore i ruahia ki te putōrino, ka nui te wera o ngā kaitohutohu katakao. I ngā whakamātautau rākau, kua kitea ko ngā wero mataara e pānuitia ake i te 1,472°F (800°C) mō te 15 meneti anō i te wa poto ka paku ai te rinohi kerameka. Ko te utu tāpiripiri mō te whakatika e $1,880 ana, tae atu ki te whakakapi i ngā kaitirotiro ($145–$410) me te whakakapi i te kaitohutohu katakao ($1,200–$2,200). I roto i te 42% o ngā tauira turupuka, me whakatika anō hoki te pūtau putōrino.

Te Pānga o te Tika o te Kaitirotiro Crankshaft ki te Whaiwhai Kaukau, Ngā Whatukuhā, me te Wheako Taraiwa

Ngā Hapa Iti e Arataki ana ki ngā Ngaro Nui o te Whaiwhai Kaukau

Ētahi anō hapa iti—he itinga tekau mā rima nekeneke ake iho i te 0.5-degree deviation —ka tino whakaroa i te whaiwhai kaukau. E whakaatu ana te rangahau a te ahumahi ko ngā kaitirotiro kino ka piki ake te whakamahi kaukau umanga 2.8%i ngā inihini turbocharged. Nā te mea ko te roa tohu inu ka tūhono tītoki ki ngā raraunga tere crankshaft, ko ngā hapa wāwāhi e pakaru ana i te kawhiringa stoichiometric, ka herea te ECU ki te whakatikatika mā ngā tikanga kaukau kore rawe.

Te Hononga I waenganui i te Tika o te Kaitirotiro me te Rangaha Tino Whaitua Air-Fuel

Ko te tika i te tūranga o te kawhata pūkana e āki ana i te pātata ki te 0.25% mō ngā ōwehenga hau-kiko, ina arataki ana te punaha i te arataki kati-kikorua. Ina heke pea, ina hāngai rānei ngā tohu nei, ka pāwhara ngā pū. Ka taea e te kiko kāore anō kia pūhara te toronga atu i te kaiwhakarereke kataliti, e taea ai te piki ake i te rahi o ngā karaihe karaihe ki te 1,200 wāhi i ngā miriona. He nui ake tēnei i te tauākī EPA o iti ake i te 100 ppm. Ko ngā Kaitohutohu Pūnaha Mōhini haurua e whakarere ana i tēnei raru mā te whakapihatia ake i te paraihe kiko i te tikanga. Engari ko tēnei whakapae he utu, e utua ana e ngā kaihīkoi i waenganui i te 3 ki te 5 mīni ia hāora i te maroke.

Tuhinga Tūhuratanga: Nga Hua Whakamātau Putaiao I Mua Me I Muri I Te Whakakapi I Te Kaiwhakarato i Roto i Te Toyota Camry

I te 2023 i te whakamātau i te Camry e pakaru ana te kaiwhakarato kawhata pūkana i whakaatu ai i ngā whakapai ake nui i muri i te whakakapi:

Kua poto ake te wā whakangungu i te kawhata pūpahi e te ECU kua whakapai ake, i te whakaroa i ngā putanga makariri, e 41%, e tohu ana i te pānga o te kaiwhakauru ki te mahi me te aronga ki te taiao.

FAQ

He aha te kaiwhakauru tūranga pūtau?

Ko te kaiwhakauru tūranga pūtau e mōhiotia ana i te tere urutau me te tūranga o te pūtau i roto i tētahi mōhinī, e whai mōhiohio ana mō te wā takotoranga ahi me te tuku kōpara.

Pēhea te pānga o te kaiwhakauru pūtau ki te mahi o taku karu?

Whakaratoia e te kaiwhakauru he mōhiohio matua mō te wā mō te whakauru ahi me te tuku kōpara, e āwhina ana i te mātauranga mōhinī, ngā putanga, me te pānga whānui ki te taraiwa.

He aha ngā tohu o tētahi kaiwhakauru pūtau e pakaru haere ana?

Ko ngā tohu matua ko te mārama takiura, te rere paku-paku, me ngā whakauru kore. Ko ngā wera kore me ngā hapa wātāwhai hoki he tohu.

He aha ngā utu e pā ana ki te aronga kino o te aronga kei te piko?

Might include sensor replacement ($145–$410), catalytic converter replacement ($1,200–$2,200), and potential exhaust manifold repairs.