Iinto Ezahlukeneyo Zesisensi yeCrankshaft

Indima Yesithuthi Sevali Yesiphapha Kusimiso Sempilo Yemoto

Umsebenzi Wesithuthi Sevali Yesiphapha Nenkazimulo Kusistim yokuvula kwamanje

Isense iphozishini yeshafti yesithungu, esithiwayo ngokushesha sisebenzisa i-CPS, isebenza indima ebalulekile kakhulu ekugcineni komshini. Ithatha inkinga yisikhathi ishafti yesithungu ishisa kanye nokuthi kufuphi kakhulu kusikhathi esiphelile. Ulwazi olutholakala kulesi sence siyasesiza ikhompyutha yomshini ukuthola isikhathi esifanele sokuthembela iziphathe, ukuthi kuneziphiwa zingaki zizenzelwe kumshini, kanye nokuphatha okuthunyelwe kwi-exhaust pipe. Izinkinga ezincane ze-CPS zingakha umshini ukuthi akhanyise noma ukuthi ibhalekhe amanzi ngaphandle kokusebenza kakade, ngamanye amafu angasithi ukuthi kuhlanganisa kwezimali kungena ku-15% njengoba kuchazwe emazwini enguyesonyaka odlulile. Oku kakhulu abantu bayingakwazi ukuthi lezi zense ziyasebenza ngaphezu kwento etholakala ukuthi zicingeke kube khona. Zabelana nezinto esizibonayo njengoko zingcono manje njengekuthula izilongo xa azidingeki futhi kuthathe isikhathi sokuthwala kwi-turbo. Ngakho ke izivukelo zamanje azikwazi ukusebenza kakade ngazo.

Ukuthi I-Sensor Yokugquma Kwikrankshaft Yisiphiwe Kanjani Ukunyusa Kwamafutha Nenhliziyo Yokugquma

Ngokulandela isikhundla sekrankshaft ngaphakathi kuhlungo lwephiston, i-CPS inika i-ECU inkinobeko yokusipha ukunyusa kwamafutha nenhlelo yokugquma ngokuphelele:

• Amaphumpu avulwa emizuzwini yemizuzwana ngaphambilini kuvuli kwesivalo sokungena
• Amaphlagi agquma ekiphaziyweni elihle kumgama wokugquma
  Lokhu kusipha kukukhuphuka kwezishishini kakhulu nokwandisa amandla. Kumsindleko wokunyusa okuphambene, ukucopheleka kwe-CPS kuyisidingo esibalulekile—iziphazijo ezincane njenge-2° zingakhuphisa ukusungulwa kwe-hydrocarbon ngo-22% (SAE 2023).

Ukukhokelela Kokuvalwa Kwesenzakalo Ekusebenzeni Kwemoto Nekudonga

Xa isense iphazanyiswa kwe-crankshaft, izivikeli ziyasebenza ngokungahle, ukuthi kudingeka kube khona ukuthwalwa okuncotshwa, ukubambezelwa okungcono, noma ukuphazanyiswa kabonakalani xa kusebenziswa. Abasebenzi abaningi baya kuvula ikhodi ye-DTC P0335 uma kukhona inkinga yesense yena ngokwenzayo, kodwa ungahlali uhlale waphikisile inkinga yewiri. Ngokwesayensi esitholakele kuleli viki, umuntu ngamashumi amabili angu-1 akhiwe kwi-wiring engaphelelangeni kunjalo isense ephazanyisiwe. Ikhompyutha kuzivikeli ezintsha zihlala ihlela kusimekelweni sesikhathi sibonakalani uma isipho siyekelwe kwi-CPS, futhi lokhu kungaholela ekulobeni kwemoto, kangangokuthatha imiphumela ngande ngaphezulu kuka-50%. Lokhu kuyindlela abasebenzi abanengqondo bayakuvuma ukuthi kumele ushintshe lezi zense kuze kube phansi, ikakhulukazi emva kwe-100k mile. Lokhu kusiza ukulima imali ekugcineni njengoba kuhlenga ukulungiswa okuthakathaka kwezinto ezifundisa emuva kwe-exhaust system, kufaka phakathi i-catalytic converters ne-oxygen sensors eyodwa kuthakatha uma imoto ayisebenzi kakade.

Uhlobo lwasekuMbusini lwe-Sensors zeCrankshaft ngokwesindlela esebenzayo

Izikhulumi ze-Magnetic Inductive (Variable Reluctance) neSivumelwano se-Electromagnetic Induction

Izikhulumi ze-magnetic inductive zisebenza ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ze-electromagnetic induction ukuze ziphawule ukuthi i-crankshaft ishisa kanjani. Xa igxila enezithili iyashisa edlule kwi-coil ne-magnet ye-sensor, inhlaka yomoya iyenzela ukuthi ivolthi ye-AC iphinde phinde ngokushisa kwemoto. Okuthandekayo ngaloo zikhulumi kukuthi azidingi umthombo wamandla angaphandle, okwenzela ukuthi kube khethile kumoto olula lapho imali ibalwa kangcono. Kodwa kukhona indaba. Emaseleni angaphansi kuka-100 revolutions ngeminithi, isinyathelo sibonakala silula futhi asikwamkele, ngakho akufanele kuzindawo apho kudingeka ukulinganisa ngokucophelela emaseleni amancane.

Izikhulumi ze-Crankshaft Ze-Analog neSivumelwano se-AC Output

Izikhungo zesiGaba sikaCrankschaft zesikole sephrojekthi zihlenza iziqiniseqakade ze-AC zesi sine ezingaguquguquka ngokushintsha kwe-RPM yemoto. Ikhompyutha yemoto ichaze lezi ziphazha ukuze ikhethule indawo enguwo yingcango, ngakho-ke iyazi xa kufanele kugcinwe isipheqululo nesibhamu. Lezi zikhungo zisebenza kahle uma imoto isebenza kwi-RPM ezinhle noma phakathi, kodwa izinkinga zizakha uma imoto isebenza kwi-idling noma isondeza kakhulu. Incazelo ye-Automotive Sensors Institute yangiveli 2022 ibonisa into ethile ebalulekile ngazo futhi. Ngaphakathi kwe-800 RPM, lezi ndlela zesi analog zingahlukana ngapreze kanye no-1.5 amadigri ekusobeni kulowo wonge compared with their digital counterparts. Lokho akudingeki kubonakale mkhulu, kodwa embonweni ye-engine kuyenzela uhlelo olubalulekile.

Izikhungo ze-Hall Effect Crankshaft Nge-Ukuthumela Kwesiqiniseqakade

Izikhungo ze-Hall effect zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bwegolide ukwakha leziqaleo ze-digital ezingamathuba xa kuvamelana izikhungo zomoya. Lezi zinto ezinezinyawo ezintathu zinakekela ukunikeza imininingwane engcono ngokuthi ikuphi isikhundla noma kube sele kususelwe, okusiza kakhulu kuzo zonke izici zokuhlala nokubuyisa izikhamelo ezithintekayo manje futhi uzondlela ukuthi izimotolo ziqalise ngempumelelo noma ekugcineni kwesibhakabhaka. Isiqalelo se-digital esizokhiwa siphinde siphinde siyasebenzisa ngaphandle kokuguquka, sibe sesikhundleni esingaphezu kwekwarter ya-egree ngaphandle kokuthi kufanani kanjani kondima abasebenzela kulo. Kakhulu kwezimotolo ezintsha ngo-2023, kangakanani kunezimodeli ezisikhombisa kunezishumi, zidala kulezi zikhungo ukuze zilondlele ikuphi isikhundla se-crankshaft njengoba zisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi zibaluleka kakhulu kunazo zonke ezinye izinketho evela phansi.

Ukusebenzisa kwezikhungo ze-Photoelectric nezikhungo ze-Optical kuzindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa izimotolo

Izikhululi ze-optical zisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-LED kunye nesixhobo se-wheel esingumqala ukubona xa umgubhu ophambili utshintsha ngendlela eya kuthi imini ingaqhubi. Azenziwa ngendlela enjalo kwi-injini eziphinde ziphinda zibonakala ngoba ziyeyona into eqhubekayo ekuthinteni nempaka kunye nomoya. Kodwa emva koko apho izinto zilungele, njengezimoto zomdlalo okanye izihamba, izikhululi ze-optical zinokuba nezilinganiso ezilungileyo, ngamaxesha asebenza ngaphezu kwe-0.1 degrees yendawo efanelekileyo. Kodwa kufuneka zenziwe inkxalabo ngaphezu kwabanye. Kodwa ke, abakhethi bezinyathelo bahlala basebenzisa le nto kwiindlela ezipheleleyo apho ukuvula kwevalves ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuyinxalenye encinane yokuphatha nokulondoloza.

I-Analog ngaphandle kwe-Digital Crankshaft Sensors: U comparison phakade kunye nokulondolozeka

Ukwahluka kwe-Signal Output kunye ne-Accuracy Phakathi kwe-Analog kunye ne-Digital Crankshaft Sensors

Izinhlelo zokulinganisa ze-analog zenza izivivekeli ze-AC ehlukene ezithutha kusuka ku-3 volts uma isedwa kuze kube ngu-50 volts emakhaya okuphazimula kwemoto. Ngakule ndawo, izinhlelo ze-Hall effect zithumela iziqendani ze-DC eziqinileyo ezingama-5 volts noma 12 volts ngaphandle kokuthi kusobala kangakanani. Uma sibuka ekuphazimuleni kwezikhundla, izinhlelo ze-digital zibonakala kahle kakhulu futhi zifihla phansi kusukela ku-0.2 degrees ngokwesiqephu sikaSAE ngo-2023. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kunazo ezinhlelo ze-analog ezenza ukuthi izilinganiso zibe yisiphiwa sengaphezu kusukela ku-1.5 degrees. Ngoba lokhu kungcono, izinhlelo ze-digital zisebenza kahle kakhulu emaphakashini apho ukulinganisa kakhulu kumele kuhlukene, ikakhulukazi lapho imithi ayiphazimuli kakhulu ngesikhathi esingaphansi kuka-1500 revolutions per minute.

Amathuba Afana ne-Hall Effect Sensors Kunazo Inductive Types Ekuphazimuleni Kwezikhundla

Izikhungo ze-Hall effect zinika iziqinisekiso eziqinile noma kube yini imoto isedolile kabonke, lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto zingaqala ngokushesha kakhulu nokwenzeka kwakhe. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumagineni athuthukisiwe-ithurbo apho ukuqala kumele kube yisikhathi esilungile, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana engu-0.1. Xa sifundze lokhu kwi-dynos, izimoto ezinezikhungo ze-Hall effect zazikwazi ukuba qale ngokushesha kangaka-30% kunazo ezisetshenzisa izikhungo zamandulo e-inductive. Ingcine eliyinhloso yabo kukuthi basebenza ngendlela efanelekile emasimweni amancane kakhulu. Lokhu kuyakunciphisa ukusebenza kakhulu ekupheleni kwe-cold starts.

Ukungahambi kwe-AC Output Sensors emasimweni amancane kagemaginwa

Ngeshaya ngaphansi kuka-800 RPM, izikhungo ze-analog zihlangabezana nenhlalo eyodwa eziphetheni ezintathu:

• Umthunzi wosizo ungahluka phansi kwezidingo le-ECU (<2V)
• Ukuguquka kwebanga kuphinde kabili ngu-12-18% (Incazelo Yethu 2021-01-0479)
• Ukujwayeleka kwezixhobo zomthwalo we-electromagnetic uphinde kabili ngu-40% kunazo e-digital
  Le minyaka lezi kumele ukubuyisebenzisa kwakhona izinhlelo zezinhlotsheni zezimali ezingcono ezinamandla enkimbini, ekubekeza ubomi obude bokusebenza.

Ubuhlanzekelayo bwe-Digital ngaphandle kwe-Analog Crankshaft Sensors Ngezimo Eziningi

Amasenseya e-Hall ayasebenza kahle ngokwezinga lempumalanga okuthiwa -40 degrees Celsius kuya ku-150 degrees Celsius (lokhu kungama-Fahrenheit -40 kuya ku-302). Aqhubeka ngezidingo ezingu-35% zonke izinkinga zempumalanga kunazo zonke izisenseya ze-inductive. Xa sibheka imiphumo yomshado wokuphila, izinhlelo e-digital zingasebenzisa ngu-200 amakhulu emphakathi kabusha ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale ukulahlekelwa. Lokhu kuzithola phambili ngamashwa ngesikhathi esiphandlanga nezombuluko zabo e-analog. Kodwa, abenginje abaningi bakhetha izisenseya ze-inductive xa busebenzisa kuzindlela eziningi kakhulu ezikhumbeza kakhulu. Cabangani ngamakhiminki wezimali, ikhona kakhulu ezivimbela kumafreqensi angaphezu kuka-500 Hz. Lezi zinhlelo zinezinkomo ngoba zidolobheni njengezinto ezenziwe ngaphandle kwe-semiconductor enezici ezingcono ezinokuhluleka ngemva kovimbela okuningi.

Ukubuka Okugcwele Kwiteknoloji Yosobo Olwengeziwe (Yophazinyo) Lwesensha Lokuphazanya Kwesilungu

Indlela Iphazinyo Elinganayo Iphepha Ivuliwe Ngokusebenzisa Izinhlobo Ezinemigqa YeReluctor Wheels

Lezi zinsenso ezingenziwa ngokuthi zisebenzise inkundla kaFaraday yophazinyo olilinganayo. Kusidloka kwezinye izimotolo, sizobekiso esiphethwe ngomagnethe oqinile nokoyili okusebenza ngokuxhasana nesihlalo esithile esinemigqa esixhunywe kusilungu. Xa le migqa iphazanyiswa, iyenzela ukuthi ifakelwe kwifuxele lokumagunywa ngokulungisa isikhala phakathi kwezinto, lokhu kwenza amaphiko amancane emvili kuyo yonke into. Okutholakala konke kuleyo yisigina se-alternating current esibonisa kahle lapho isilungu siyaphakama futhi kuyaphindaphinda kanjani. Le mininingwane ikhona kakhulu kwi-engine control unit xa kuseta i-ignition timing, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni ezidala ezigcine ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zasendle kunazo eziphatha.

Igama Eliguqukayo Lomlando Wosobo Lwephazinyo Lwesilungu

Ukuphuma kwezinhleli zokubalisa kusuka phansi njengoba imoto ishaya kahle. Kuzindlebe zokumema, sizama ukubona okwengeziwe kungu-0.3 volts AC, kodwa xa kushaywa kakhulu ku-6,000 RPM, lezi zinhleli zingakha kude kangaka no-4.8 volts AC. Izinto ziyaphila ngezansi kwe-100 RPM ngisho nokuba isinyathelo siphula kakhulu lapha. Lokhu kwenza amadatha esikhathi ayithembeki kepha ngaleso sikhathi abazali abaningi bafika kuzinhleli zodijithali kuzindlebe ozilishwa kakhulu. Kukhona futhi ukuthi kufanele ukugapheka kube yini. Abamakhemikali abaningi bathinta ukuthi kube phakathi kwe-0.5 ne-1.5 milimita. Uma ukugapheka akuyiyo yona, ubumnandi besinyathelo bukhala futhi imithi izohla ukushisa. Manje izinhleli ezintsha ziqukethe izindawo zokulinganisa ezifakanyisayo ezivikela izinto ezenzekelayo kuzindlebe zonke. Ngokusho kwe-SAE data ye-2022, kungeziwe kungu-9 kuma-10 yezimithi zokushisa zasendleben zisebenzisa lolu teknoloji manje.