Ngā Momohanga Rerekē o ngā Kapihi Crankshaft

Te Tūmanako o te Kaitirotiro Pūtau ki ngā Pūnaha Whakahaere Mōhini

Te Mahi me te Taumata o te Kaitirotiro Tōkeke Pūtau ki ngā Pūnaha Hōpūhō Hou

Kei te whakatinana te kaiwhakarāpopotonga tūranga o te pūkete, e mōhiotia ana hoki hei CPS mā te poto, he roa nui ki te mahi ake o ngā mōhinī. Ka ārau ia i te tere o te pūkete me te tūwāhi tika i te wā kotahi. Ka āwhina te mōhini a te karu (computer) o te waka ki te whakatau pea kia aha te wā e pāwhara ai ngā pāpaku, te nui o te paraihe e whai ana, me te whakahaere i ngā mea e puta mai ana i te puipui hautē. Ka taea e ngā raru iti nei ki ngā panonitanga o te CPS te whakaputangia te mōhini, nō reira ka kai kikorangi te waka i te paraihe i te wā e hīkoi pai ana, i ētahi wā ka heke te whai paraihe tēnei ki te 15% e ai ki ētahi rangahau mai i te tau ki muri. Kāore anō mā te nuinga o te tangata e mōhio ana ko ngā kaiwhakarāpopotonga e hāngai ake ana i te noho pai, engari kei te whakahohe i ngā āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana inaianei pērā i te whakamātau i ngā silinda ina kāore e hiahiatia ana, me te whakarerekē i te tārai pūkiore i te wā e haere ana. Nō reira e kore ngā waka hou e mahi tika ana mēnā kāore i a rātou.

Te Āhua o te Mātai Pūkenga e Whakauru Ana i te Tukatuka Karoi me te Wā Pāwhara

Mā te whai aronga i te tūranga pūkenga mōhio ki te nuinga o ngā pito, ka taea e te CPS te whakauru i te ECU kia wātea ai te tukanga karoi me ngā kaupapa pāwhara ki te tikanga matatau:

• Ka whakahohe ngā kauhanga karoi ngā wā poto ake i mua i te wāpahi ake o te parirau tukatuka
• Ka pāwhara ngā pāwhara karaihe ki te wā tika i roto i te tokihanga takitahi
  Ko tēnei whakaurunga e aukati ana i te pāngainga me te whakapakari i te hiko. I ngā punaha tukatuka tōiriiri, he mea matua nui te tika o te CPS—ko ngā hapa wātata, pērā i te 2° anake, e āwhina ana kia piki ake ngā raru karbonihi ki te 22% (SAE 2023).

Te Pānga o te Pakaru o te Mātai ki te Mahi o te Pūkenga me ng Tikangia

Ina heke te arataha tuarā o te pūkete, ko ngā tohu e mōhiotia ana e ngā waka ko te uaua ki te whakauru, te noho kotahi, i te tino mate i te wā e taraiwa ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā tohunga e totohu atu ana ki te waehanga DTC P0335 ina heke te pūkete, engari kaua e wareware ki ngā raru hiko. E ai ki ētahi raraunga a te ahumahi mai i te tau whakamutunga, kei te tētahi ki ia rima pea ngā keehi e hua ana i te raru hiko anō i te mea heke te pūkete. Ko te rorohiko o ngā waka hou e noho mōhio ana ki tētahi tautuhinga takotoranga matua ina ngaro te tohu mai i te CPS, ā, ka tino kino ai te mahi a te mōhinī, ka pakaru pea te mahi ake ki te haurua. Nō reira e tautohe ana ngā kaimahi wheketere kia whakakapi i ēnei pūkete i mua i te tino mate, ina hia kau te 100 miriona te roa o te karu. Ka penapena moni tēnei i te wā roa nā te aukati i ngā whakatikatika utu ki ngā wāhanga e haere ake nei i te pūpahi, tae atu ki ērā kaitohutohu kātata utu rawa me ngā pūkete oksijeni e maroke ana ina kāore te mōhinī e mahi tika ana.

Ngā Momo Matua o Ngā Kaitirotiro Tūnga Pūtau mā te Kaupapa Paerewa

Ngā Kaitirotiro Magnetiha Inihangi (Tohua Korekawenga) me te Whakahaerenga Inihanga Electromagnetic

Ko ngā kaitirotiro inihangi magnetiha e mahi ana ma te whakamahi i ngā kaupapa inihanga electromagnetic kia kitea ai ka nui ake te pūtau. Ina hōmai te karu karu ki te tīwae o te coil me te tautoko magnet, ko te mariko mātātoko e hāngai ana ki te āhua e piirangia ana e te hinu, ā, ka hua he volta AC e piirangia ana e te tere o te hinu. Ko te mea pai ki ēnei kaitirotiro, kāore he hiahia ki tētahi punaha hiko anoo, ka penapena moni i ngā hinu whai noa i te nuinga o te wā. Engari heoi anō, i ngā tere kei raro i te 100 revolutions i ngā meneti, ka māmā te tohu ka kore e taea te whakapono, nō reira kāore e pai ana mō ngā take e hiahiatia ana ngā ine tika i ngā tere tino māmā.

Ngā Kaitirotiro Pūtau Ananohi me te Tohu Huinga AC

Ko ngā kaiwhakauru porowhita tawhito e whakaputangia ana i ngā hiri akselerator tawhito e rerekē ana ana e hāngai ana ki te tere o te mōhinī. Ka pānui te rorohiko o te waka i ēnei tōpoki me ngā heke hei mōhiotia ai te wāhi o ia porowhita kia mōhiotia ai te wā hei whakaputanga i te kararehe me te awhiwhi. Kei te pai ngā mahi o ēnei kaiwhakauru ina kei te haere mai te mōhinī ki ngā tere noa, engari ka puta ngā raru ina kei te tu te waka, ina kei te piki tere. I whakaatu tētahi ripihana mai i te Rōpū Kaiwhakauru Mōhinī i te tau 2022 he mea hāpai mōhio hoki. Ki te tata ki te 800 RPM, e taea ana e ēnei momo aniana te hapa ki te tekau mā rima huringa ki te taha, tērā i ō rātou hoa matihiko. Kāore pea tēnei e rongo nui ana, engari ki ngā tikanga mōhinī, he rerekētanga nui.

Ngā Kaiwhakauru Porowhita Hall Effect me te Tukutuku Hiri Matihiko

Ko ngā kaiwhakarato ētaha o Hall e mahi ana mā te whakamahi i te hangarau haurua-kiko hei waihanga i ērā huinga matapae mātāmira ina panonihia ngā mariko mōhio ki a rātou. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu toru-wiri te hoatu i te mōhio tūwāhi pai hahare anō pea ina kāore ngā mea e nekeneke ana, e āwhina ai i ngā āhuatanga tiimata-tāpiri e kī ana ngā karu e kā ana inaianei, ka whakapono ai hoki ngā hinu ki te timata pūmahara ahakoa te raki kino. Ko te huinga matapae mātāmira e hoatu ana e rātou ka pupuri i te wā tika, ka noho tonu roto i te kaupeka e whā whā tekau mā rua o te turu, ahakoa te tikanga e mahi ana rātou. Ko te nuinga o ngā karu hou mai i te tau 2023, heoi anō, e whitu ki runga i ngā tau e tekau, e here ana ki ēnei kaiwhakarato kia kitea ai te tūwāhi o te porotiti, nā te mea kei te pai haere rātou, kei te roa haere rātou i te tāwhai i ētahi atu kōwhiringa e waenganui ana.

Te Whakamahi i ngā Kaitirotiro Photoelectric me Optical ki ngā Aplikihana Motuka Mātātoa

Ko ngā kaiwhakauru tirohanga e mahi ana mā te whakamahi i tētahi LED me tētahi tohu paraihe hei kitea rānei ka huri te crankshaft i runga i te āhua o te tiniro. Kāore ēnei e kitea noa i ngā inihini pāmahi noa, nā te mea ka maroke tonu ki te pakuhi me te waimā. Engari kei ngā wāhi e noho pakari ana, pērā i ngā karaka rāke, ngā kārewa rānei, ka tino pono ngā kaiwhakauru tirohanga, i te wā e tino pā ana ki roto i te 0.1 nekenga o te tūnga ake. Me nui ake te tiaki i a rātou i ngā momo katoa atu. Ahakoa rā, ko te nuinga o ngā kaihangai inihini e mau tonu ana ki a rātou mō ngā māhinī tino kounga, kei hea te wā e tū ake ai ngā vāvā i te wā tika anō e nui ana mō te kaha me te whakapau.

Analog vs. Digital Crankshaft Sensors: Whāwhāinga me te Whakaritenga Whakaritenga

Ngā Rerekētanga Tukunga Ihukia me te Pono I waenganui i ngā Kaiwhakauru Analog me ngā Kaiwhakauru Crankshaft Matihiko

Ko ngā kaitirotiro āniana tawhito e hāngai ana i ngā volta AC e rerekē ana ka neke mai i te 3 volt ina noho ana, ki te 50 volt ki ngā tere aukume e teitei ake. I te wā e rite ana, ko ngā kaitirotiro Hall effect e puta mai ana i ngā hukapapa DC ōrite, he ita 5 volt, he ita 12 volt ahakoa pēhea te tere o ngā mea e karapī ana. Ina titiro mātou ki te whakaritenga o te tūranga, ka tū ake rawa ngā kaitirotiro matihiko i te taea ai te ±0.2 ngāwaero e ai ki ngā rangahau hōu a SAE i te 2023. He tino pai ake tēnei i ngā kaitirotiro āniana e taea ai te ±1.5 ngāwaero. Nō reira i te mataara ake, ka mahi tino pai ake ngā kaitirotiro matihiko ki ngā take e nui ana te wātata, āhuatia ko ngā aukume e kore nei e rorirori tere, heke iho i te 1500 karapī ia meneti.

Ngā vanteki o ngā Kaitirotiro Hall Effect i runga i ngā Momo Inductive i te Wātata Mataara

Mā ngā kaiwhakarato hōuhere Hall e tika ana ngā tohu ahakoa te pūhiko e tu ana, nā reira ka tere ake te tiimata o ngā waka, me te tika ake. He nui tēnei mō ngā pūhiko turupahi i reira me tino tika te wā, i ētahi wā e 0.1 mirihekotini anake. I ā matou whakamātau i runga i ngā dyno, i tino pai ake ngā waka ki te tīmata i te makariri, 30 ūneti tere ake i ngā kaiwhakarato inductive tawhito. Tētahi atu herenga nui ko te āhua o rātou ki te pupuri i ngā tohu kaha i ngā tere tino pēpiha. E pai ake ai tā rātou mahi i ngā wā e noho tapatapahia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere i te rere tāone.

Ngā here o ngā Kaiwhakarato AC Output i ngā Tere Pūhiko Iti

I raro iho i te 800 RPM, e toru ngā uaua matua kei te tāpoi ana ngā kaiwhakarato ānarama:

• Ka heke pea te tere o te tohu i raro i ngā rohe kitea e te ECU (<2V)
• Ka piki ake te whakangāhau o te wāhi 12-18% (Pukapuka Tūmatanui SAE 2021-01-0479)
• Ka piki ake te āhua ki te whakaururunga irahiko 40% tērā i ngā pūnaha matihiko
  Ko ēnei here ka hiahiatia te whakarerekenga anō i ngā hiniana taraka tāpoi i te wā roa, e horoi ana i te whakapono ki te wā roa.

Te whakapono o ngā Kiriata Matihiko kōrero rānei ki ngā Kiriata Rāwekenga i ngā tikanga tino kino

Ko ngā kaiwhakarongo pānga Hall e mahi ana tino pai i roto i ngā wāhi e torotoro ana mai i te -40 nekenga Celsius ki runga rawa ki te 150 nekenga Celsius (koia ko te -40 Fahrenheit ki te 302 Fahrenheit). Ka whakauru rātou i te 35 ōrau atu te nuinga o te rohe wāhi āhuarangi mōhio ki ngā kaiwhakarongo inductive tawhito. Ina titiro mātou ki ngā hua whakamatautau mōhio, ka taea e ngā putanga matihiko te karo i te 200 miriona wāhi panonitanga āhuarangi i mua i te tohu porohinga. E toru tekau mā rima ōrau atu pea i a rātou anapanapa tuākana. Ahakoa ko tēnā, e nui ana ngā inijiniere e mau ana ki ngā kaiwhakarongo inductive ina heke ana ki ngā tikanga uaua rawa atu e noho ana ai te taraweti tonu. Whakaarohia ngā inijini taiapa hei tauira, ā, inapera ērā e taraweti ana i ngā ahauroa e nui ake ana i te 500 Hz. E whai pānga nui ana ēnei tauira inductive nā te mea hanga pūngao katoa rātou, kāore he waahanga semiconductor māmā e taea ai te kino i te taraweti tino.

Ko te Tirohanga Rangahau ki te Hangarau o te Kiritaki Pāpaku (Inuhi) o te Kiritaki Karaka

Me pēhea te Hāngainga o te Tahumaero me te Whakamahi i ngā Karu Karu Raraunga Raraunga

Ko ēnei kiritaki pāpaku e mahi ana mā te tikanga a Faraday o te whakauru mātātoko. I roto i ngā karaihe nui, he tīmau noa ko te magnita umanga me te coil e mahi tahi ana me tētahi karu raraunga motuhake e hono ana ki te karaka. Ina tū ake ngā niho, ka whakarereke i te mariko mātātoko mā te whakarereke i te wāhi kei waenganui i ngā wāhanga, ka hāngai ai ki te hāpoi mātātoko ki te coil. Ko te hua o tēnei katoa he tohu ohorere e kōrero mai ana mō te tūranga o te karaka me te tere e hōia ana. Ka nui te take o tēnei mōhio ki te kōpae whakahaere karaihe ina tautapa ana i te wā tuatahi, āta hoki ki ngā karaihe tawhito e horoi ana ki ngā pūnaha aniani engari kāore ki ngā pūnaha matihiko.

Ngā Tohu Tohu-tere o ngā Kiritaki Karaka Inuhi

Kua piki ake te hua o ngā kaiwhakauru inductive i te wā e karapoti ana te mōhinī. I ngā tere noho, ka kitea e 0.3 volts AC, engari i te takirua hoki ki te 6,000 RPM, ka taea e ēnei kaiwhakauru te whakaputanga tae atu ki te 4.8 volts AC. He uaua i raro ake i te 100 RPM ahakoa nā te iti rawa o te tohu kei reira. Ka heke te tika o ngā raraunga wāwāhi, nō reira ka huri anō mātou ki ngā kaiwhakauru matihiko mō ngā whakamahinga tere iti. He mea nui anō te tika o te wārua hau. E tautohe ana ngā kaihanga kia mau i waenganui i te 0.5 ki te 1.5 mirimita. Mēnā ehara i te tika te wārua, ka heke te kounga tohu, ka tīmata ngā mōhinī ki te ngaro i ngā korowhiti. Kua tuhia ēnei kaiwhakauru hōu e whai pānga ana ngā ara here ki te pupuri i ngā mea e rere ana pūmau i runga i ngā wāhanga RPM rerekē. E ai ki ngā raraunga SAE mai i te 2022, e 9 ki te 10 ngā mōhinī umukai ahi e whakamahi nei i tēnei hangarau i ēnei rā.