Ukukhetha I-VVT Valve Eyiyo Kugarage Yakho

Ukusebenza Kwesimo Se-Variable Valve Timing (VVT) Noma Kungani Kuhlelekile

Ubani ubungakanani be-variable valve timing (VVT) futhi isebenzisa kanjani

Izinhlelo ze-VVT zisebenza ngokushintsha kuthini amavili okungena nokuphuma kwenza kusuka futhi kuvala ngithi emibhalo yemoto. Imaneja engeyiyo inemikhawulo engahleli, kodwa izimo ezisemthethweni ze-VVT zisebenzisa noma ukugcwalisa kwamagetsi noma amagetsi abomvu abakhangelwa yikhompyutha yemoto ukuze ashintshe isikhathi sencamshaft njengoba kudingeka. Isiphumo? Ukudluliswa okuhle kwezimali neyajoni ngaphakathi kwamabhilini. Abayenzelwa bakhuluma ngama-10-15% ekuvuseleni kokuthi indjinini ibhale kahle kangakanani ikhululekile kuzinye izinhlelo ezingaphansi kalesi gama. Kusavelekile kubasebenzisi, lokhu kusho ukuletha kwezindleko ngokumelene emuva kanye nomphakathi waphandle kodwa besebenzisa isilinganiso esihle sezimali.

Ukuguquka kwe-camshaft nokusebenzisa kwamagetsi emanzini kuzinhlelo ze-VVT

Kuzo zonke izimotolo manje, kusetshenziswa ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic ukuze kutholakale indawo ehlala kuyo i-camshaft, kabanzi usebenzisa inqanawa yayo-mayelana ye-engine ukusabela lezi zixoxo zihlukene. Isikrini se-engine (ECU) sihlinzekela izinto ezithile njengekushisa kwe-engine noma uhlobo lwesimo esilondolozena ngalo. Xa kuthinta into, i-ECU iyashaya izinkulungwane zokudala inqanawa kuzo zingcinwa zinikeze inqanawa ekuphazinyeni kwephase. Lokhu kuyakhiwa i-camshaft ikhulule uphawu ngaproximately amadege 50. Kutheni okulandelayo? Lokhu ukuguquka kushintsha isikhathi lapho izinkulungwane zivulwa nezivaliwe ngokulinganayo. Oku kuyisimo esibonakalayo kangaka. Izinhlelo zasendulo zingasebenze ngokushesha futhi, ngamanye amaxesha zize zizigcina ngaphansi kwe-150 milliseconds. Lokhu ukusabela okushesha kusiza izimotolo ukuthi zishintshane ngokulula ukususa inqanawa emnqanweni phansi ukuthi kwenze amandla kangakanani xa kuthathwa phezulu.

Indima yesikrini se-ECU ne-inqanawa yemayelana ekusebenzisa i-VVT

Isixeko se-injini sila ngumhlekisi wokusebenza, kuyasheshisa ukuprosesa imininingwane engcwele kusuka kuzivimba zokugqoka nokugqoka kwamaphashi ukuze kubaluleke okulinganayo kuvula isikhathi. Kodwa makasindiswe ubunzima bezithelo lapha. Incazelo yekhono ephathelene ne-2023 iphawula ukuthi umbungo omusha (ngu-34%) wezinkinga zonke zokuguquguquka kuvula isikhathi kusuke kusethulwa kwezithelo noma ukusebenzisa izithelo ezinezulu ezingavumelekile, ngoba lokhu kuthinta amandla ohhayidekile aqondene. Abakhankani bengcamango bafuna abathengi bakho bahlale nabazithelo obuncane bokudonsela njenge-0W-20 noma kungenzeka i-5W-30 uma imoto ihlala phezu kwezimo. Lezi zithelo ezincane zikugcinela lezi solenoidi zisebenze kakade futhi zilungiselele ukugayaya kwegine lafaza phaser.

Izinto Ezinhloko Zesistimu ye-VVT: I-Cam Phaser, Izolenoide, Nezithelo

Izinto zezinhlelo ze-VVT: iziphazimulo zamaphashi namasolenoide wokobhola izithelo

Izinhlelo ze-VVT zamanje ziphatha kuthathu okudingayo okusebenzayo ngokuxhasana:

• Amaphazimulo , ezilayishwayo kizindawo zomgwa wokugcwalisa, ziyashintsha umgwa ngokuphambene nesproketi yomqala wokulungiselela ixesha lokuvula
• Izivivinyo zokulawula ivili ziyakhipha ukulahlwa kwamavili aphunyawonke kwiifhasi ngokwizixhobo ze-ECU
• Iivalve zokuhlola zikunceda ukumelana kwezinkinga zokugcinwa kwevili ngexesha elibini xa kusenzekwa utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwe-throttle, ekunxileni ukusebenza okufanayo kwiifhasi

Iivivinyo ze-VVT, iivalve zokulawula ivili, nokusebenza kwesensile

Isikrini se-injini sikhetha ixesha elilungileyo lokuvula kwevalve ngokwemfundo efumaneka kwi-sensors ezahlukene, kubandakanywa ezi zilandelayo eziphawula into yokuthi i-crankshaft iphakade, i-camshaft iphakade, kunye nesimanje sangaphandle sangaphandle. Uma isebenziso siqinisekile, sithumela iisinyelo kwi-valve timing solenoids ezingeni le-100 ukuya ku-300 milliseconds. Le mida emincinci ihlenza ukufihlisa kahle kwizivuno ezahlukene. Isifundo esisha esiphulile yiSAE ngo-2022 sabonisa ukuba umoya othintayo unceda intela yomoya ngelixa ye-40 percent. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kutheni kukho kugcwaliseka inkqubo yokulubricate ngemayoli enobunzima obubi ukuze kube lungeke ukusebenza kwe-VVT.

Ukungena kwe-camshaft adjuster, i-ECU, kunye ne-oil control kumsebenzi wendawo

Ukuxhasana okuqhutshwa kuhlala kuhlala kuselathini:

1. I-ECU ichaza imfundo ngama-RPM, ubunzima be-injini, kunye netheperetsha
2. Iivalve yokulawula amayoli aphatha amayoli angaphandle kwiindawo ezithile kwi-cam phaser
3. Isikhundla se-cam sibhalela kuze kube ngu-30 degrees ukuze kuthuthukise noma kuphelishe isikhathi se-valve

Lokhu kukhokelwa kususa izimo ze-NOx ngu-12–18% emathulwini aqondene ne-EPA ngaphandle kokushintjiswa kwe-peak volumetric efficiency.

Izimphakatsi Nezuza i-VVT Valve Operation

Umongo we-Variable Valve Timing Nezizathu Zalo kumsebenzi wemoto

Xa i-VVT isebenza kanjalo, ikuvumela imoto ukuthi iyisethe isikhathi se-valve njengoba isebenza, lokhu kusiza ukuthi ukubunjwa kube bendala kuzinye izimo zemoto. Izivikelo ezwenziwe kamva kubonisa ukuthi imithini enenye i-VVT ihlanganisa ama-torque angu-9 kuze kube ngu-15% engaphezulu kuma-RPM aphansi kunazo ezindala ezingenayo lo tech. Futhi ihlanganisa ama-horsepower angu-6% engaphezulu kabaningi. Okwenzekayo kwi-VVT yilokho kususa izinkinga eziphathelene nokugcina umsebenzi wemoto xa isohlwa futhi uthole amandla aphezulu. Lokhu kuthola? Ukuphatha okumbindela kakhulu ngoba imoto iphendula kangcono ngisho nge-skhathi esihlelwe kakhulu kwicamshaft.

Kunjani Okuqinileyo Kuvula Ukulahlekelwa Kwesipho, Ukuphazanyiswa, Nokusebenza Kuhle

Xa imoto ihlisa isivinini, ixhumanisi levalve eliguqukayo likhuphula ukuvula kwevalves zokungena, ngelinye icala ngenkathi ihamba ngokushesha kakhulu likhuphula ukuvula kwazo. Lokhu okuphaphaza kuphazisana ngesipho phakathi kuka-4 kuya kuma-7 iphesenti ngokwizikhungo ze-EPA. Umdla wokugcina kwalenga udlule ukuthi lezi sistimi zikhiphise ukuphazanyiswa kwenitrogine oksayide ngaphezu kuka-17 iphesenti futhi amahhydrocarbon aphazanyiswe ngaphezu kuka-22 iphesenti ngoba zihlela umlando wesipho nesilika kahle kakhulu. Isikhathi esiqondiswayo sikhombisa ukuguquka okukhulu kokuthembeka kwebhodi, ikakhulukazi xa kubalulekile ukusartwa ekupheleni kwegunyazi lasezindaweni zomjondolo apho izinkinga zokuhlala ezahlukene ziphazisana ngaphezu kuka-31 iphesenti ngokwamavali akhiwe emasatsheni.

Ukuhlanjulwa Kokuqinileyo Ngokulandela Isikhathi Sokuvula Ngokuchazwa Kwizindleko

Izinhlelo zama-VVT zamanje zisebenza kumathuba amathathu ayiphinde aphinde:

• Ukusartwa Kwesivinini : Ukuphakanywa kwe-overlap yekalavu kuyaphila ukumisa nokuvula okusheshayo ngokusheshayo ku-38%
• Ukuvula okuncane : Ukuphazinywa kwe-overlap kugcina izindleko zokuphatha ukuze kube lula
• Ukulayishwa okugcwele : Ukudlala kwesikhathi sokuvula kugcina ukugcina kucindezelwano we-silinda ukufika ekugcineni

Lokhu kubangelwa ngokuthi injini eyodwa isebenzise amandla angafana ne-diesel e-1,500 RPM nasekuqaleni i-redline ya-7,200 RPM—kunika ibhande lamandla esetshenziswa kakhulu engu-19% kulokho akungabi khona kwezinye izinhloso.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwezingxenye: Izingxenye Zomlando We-MPG Kusuka Kuze Kuziphethelwane Kwabasebenzisi

Ngenhloso lezivivinyo kuyathembisa iziphumo zezimali ezibonakala, usondele lwase-2024 olwaba ngu-1,200 abasebenzisi kuthola ukuthi 42% babephila ngaphansi kusebenta sekhalavu somphumela wokulahla kwezimali. Izinkinga ezibalulekile zingu:

1. Umthubi wamathambo ohlwempu kuhlanganisa impendulo yesayithuli
2. Izisolenji zemvelo ezigcina ngaphandle kwezidingo ze-voltage ye-OEM
3. Ukuphendukela okunjengoba kucima 68% kwezizathu zemandla ephezu kwe-RPM
   Leli fumano lombonisa ukuthi ukufakelwa kwemfundo yomthelela kakhulu kuvavanyo oluphathelene nokulungiswa kwezikhathi zokulungiswa nokusebenzisa iziqinisekiso ezivamile.

Izinhlelo Zokuvavanya iVVT Ezithunyelwe kwiOEM Nenxenye Ekudalweni Ngaphandle

Amathuba Amandla eVVT: iVVT-i, iVTEC, iVANOS, iMIVEC Kuhlukaniswe

Abakhi belimali bavela ngendlela eyahlukene yonke ye-VVT ngokulinganayo kuzozidinga zomshini wabo. Ngokomzekelo, uToyota wabangela into ethiwa yi-VVT-i eyamkelela ukuthi bathwale ubude bezinkawu zocingo njengoba kudingeka ngalesi zinqumulo zohlobo lwesiliva. Kanti kanjalo, inqumulo yaHonda ye-VTEC ebhala phambi kwezincwadi ezimbili zocingo lomshini uma izindleko zomshini ziyafika ekuphakameni, enika abasebenzisa isivinini esifuna. UBMW wafika endleleni engaphandle ngezobuchwepheshe leVANOS eyisabela ubude becam ngesiseko se-hydraulic. Kanti angalibali inqumulo yaMitsubishi ye-MIVEC, eyayiqhathanisa ubude nekhoza lokuvula ngendlela ephatha ngcono ngeminyango, ihlenze umshini ukushisa kangcono emazingeni aphansi kwayo apho abantu abaningi bayasebenzisa izimali ngaphakathi kwesikhathi.

Ukwahluka Kwezinhlelo Nezinhlelo Ezifana Ngenkohlaka Kusuka KuOEM

Xa kufika emenzelweni we-OEM, kube khona izinkinga ezimbalwa xa kusekelwa ukuthola izinxenye zokuphatha okunikezwe ukuze zisebenze kahle. Ngokomfanekiso, isolenoyide engenzelwe ngokukhethekile i-Toyota VVT-i yisifundo. Uma umuntu wenza ukulanda le nto ehefu ye-Hyundai nge teknoloji yaCVVT, izinto azizukusebenza kahle ngoba kunezilinganiso ezahlukene kakhulu kodwa ezibalulekile kakhulu kwesitshalo sezibuko (ngu-8% kakhulu) kunazo zombili izifundozasebenza, ngaphandle koko indlela i-ECU ithumela amazwi kuzinqamuzi. Kanti na, sikhona i-Ford Twin Independent Variable Cam Timing system, esaziwa njengeTi-VCT. Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ikhokele izolenozidi ezimbili ukuze intonga ne-exhaust zilawulwe ngokwesibonelo. Isidingo lapha kukhokele izinkumbulo ze-oil control valves eziphathelene ngokukhethekile, okunjalo okungaba nomdaba omkhulu kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkampani zokuphatha. Ngaleso sikhathi izinxenye zezokwelapha zasendaweni zisebenza kahle kakhulu kulezi zinkinga ezinzima.

Izinxenye zokuphatha zeVVT (Ezijwayelekile, Umsila Omdubu) Nokwaneliseka

Amabhrendi afana ne-Standard Motor Products ne-Blue Streak athena izivivinyo ze-VVT ngemali engaphansi kuka-OEM ngamathuba angu-35–45%, kodwa idatha yesifonelo ibonisa ubukhonto obungaphezulu kabungu-34% ngaphakathi kweminyaka engu-24 (Ingxoxo ye-Injini yezithuthi, 2022).

Isifundo sekhasi: Ubukhonto bezivivinyo zokugcinwa kwezempilo kwezempilweni kuma-VVT-i kumuntango we-Toyota

Ukubheka i-2,100 Toyota 2GR-FE V6 engines nge-2023 kubonisa into engcono. I-VVT-i solenoids yasekhanda yayihluka kangaka kunazo ezinhle zomthwalo wokuqala lapho izimoto ziqala ngemini ebusuku. Ezizweni kwakuyedwa kuzothutha kwezithutha kwi-78 kuze kube yi-82 pounds per square inch ngaphandle kokuthi ubunye bube yini. Kodwa lezi zeziphazanyo ezingcono zangena kakhulu kusuka ku-65 kuze kube yi-89 PSI, lokhu kwayekhona okuchaza amakhodi esiyo P0011 no-P0021 ekhuphuka njalo. Abasebenzi basekhaya babaluleka into engaphezulu. Malunga neyodwa kuze kube nguvi phansi kuzoba kunezinkinga zezilimi zokudonsela kwamanzi ezidinga ukusebenza kabanzi emva kwalokho. Lokhu kuhluka kuphela ngemibuso eziyisithupa ngokungafanelekile ezinjalo.

Izingcingo eziphathelene ne-VVT, Ukugcina nokulungisa Izindlela Ezigcwele

Ukufunda okuhle kwe-P0011, P0021, no-P0521: Izinkomba kanye Nezizathu Ezincinci

Xa izivukelo zithuma i-diagnostic trouble codes njenge-P0011 (ekusho ukuthi isikhathi sesikhathi sangaphandle siyagcwele kakhulu), P0021 yisebe 2, kunye ne-P0521 etholakala ngezinselelo zezibhamu zezibhamu, abasebenzi banelisa ngaphambi kwazo zingcindezi ezihlukene. Lezi ziphawu ziqondiswa kakhulu kuzinkinga ezijwayelekile njengoko kube sekuphazinywe imvelaphi yesolenoyide, izindlela zesibhamu ziyancipha ngokuphindaphindi, noma kungelikho kuphela uhlu lwesibhamu olufanelekileyo. Ukuba kudala kushintjwa isibhamu phakathi kwemisebenzi noma ukusebenzisa igredhi engalindelekile yokuguqulwa kusibhamu kungahlanza lezi zinkinga ngendlela engcono kunesidinga. Abasebenzisi bangabona izivukelo zabo zihamba ngendlela eyahlukileyo emva kokumisa, zidla intonga engaphezulu kuka ngokujwayelekile, ne-lamp le-check engine lebhonakala ngisho xa zenzela konke okunakekeyo.

Ukugcoba nokulungisa kwezinqamlezo ze-VVT

Ukugcoba okuhle kukhokelela endleleni ephathelene ngokulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa i-OBD-II scanner ukuthi uqinisekise amakhodi wesiphawu futhi ubuke izindlela zomkhawulo wesibhamu ngokwesikhathi
• Shesha ukulinganisa kwe-solenoid (ngokuvamile 10–14 Ω phakathi kwezinhlelo zonke)
• Linganisa izikrini zevavile yokulawula ivili ngokulahlekelwa, okungumthombo mkhulu wokuphazanyiswa kwevavile

Izilungiso ihluka ngenkathi kufakwa amasolino athile noma ukucula kwamagalelo evili. Kodwa-ke, idatha ye-IMR yango-2023 ibonisa ukuthi ubukhona bekuxhumana phawule kakhulu ngama-23% uma kusetshenziswa amasolino ethengalwandle esikhanda endaweni yezinto ze-OEM, lokhu kakhombisa ubunzima bezinto.

Isinkinga seNhlaka: Ukuphazimba Kakhulu Kwinkumbulo Ngaphandle Kuthunyelwe Okuhle

Ngaphandle kuthi kudizayinwe ukusebenza kakhulu kangange-150,000 milithi, izindawo zokulungisa zibonza ukuthi kukhona ukungezwa kwezingu-14% kuzinkinga eziphathelene ne-VVT ukusukela ngo-2020. Lokhu kushintsha kusuke kuqala kubantu ababili:

1. Ukuthandana nevili : 40% yeziphazimbo zihlotshaniswa nokuthetha kwevili okungafanelekile noma amagunya aphelile
2. Umcwabo wokulinganisa : Izixhobo ezilandelayo zokulinganisa zingahlaziya ngendlela eyingcono ukuthi umgudu wethayimi ungashiyekile njengenkumbulo yamasolino, okuyakhiqa ukulungiswa okungachanekile

Ukuzinca Kwegiya LeVili Nokunyakaza Kwesilulu Ekuphileni Kwama-VVT

Imithombo ye-VVT engcono iyadinga izimu ezifaneleke ne-API SP noma izimo ze-SN Plus. Ukuchazwa kwe-ASTM 2023 kwakhaqazwa ukuxhasana okudonsela phakathi kwezulu lokushintsha izimu kanye nesimo sezimali:

Ukulandela isikhathi se-5,000-mile sokushintsha izimu ngokusebenzisa izimu eziphathelene ne-OEM (0W-20 noma 5W-30) kusungula ukugayaya ngaphambi kokuseka kabusha ngo-83%. Kuzindlela ezinezulu ephakeme ebona ukuthambeka kwe-timing, kuyavunyelwa ukuba kwenziwe ukusula kwegama lezimu ngonyaka ungaphambi kokuphila kwe-VVT.

Imibuzo Emaninzi (FAQ)

Ubani othile u-Variable Valve Timing (VVT)?

I-Variable Valve Timing (VVT) yintechinoloji ethintela isikhathi sevalves sendawo yomshini wenzindlela ukuze iphumelele kakhulu, ukuncipisa isimo sezinyawo, nokuncipisa izimoto.

Kanjani i-VVT ekaphelela kumsebenzi womshini?

Ngokuthintela isikhathi sevalve ngokucindezela, i-VVT ikhetha ukwanda kwebhola, okubangela ukunakekelwa kwe-torque emaposhini amancane kanye nokunakekelwa kwe-horsepower emaposhini aphezulu.

Kungaba ngcono izinto zasebandla ze-VVT esebenzise ngenkathi ehlala kuzo izinto ze-OEM?

Nakuba izinto zasebandla zibaluleke kangako, zinezinkinga eziningi futhi kungakhathalwa ukuthi ziyeke iphumelelo le-OEM ngokuba ziyehlukene ngokulinganayo nokutholakala kwezinhlelo.

Iziprojelo ezihlobene nezinhlelo ze-VVT yiziphi?

Iziprojelo ezihlobene njengekuqhubeka kwesilulu, ukugaywa kwesiqhamo ngokungcolile kwesilo, nokungahlanjelwa kahle okungaba yisiphumo sesithupha sezikhodi nokuthula kwephephandaba.

Ukuguqulwa kwesilo kufanele kube yini ukuze kube nephephandaba ikhona ye-VVT?

Kubaluleke ukulandela umgudu wokuqasha isilo ngamavili angu-5,000 usebenzisa isilo esisuselwe sika-OEM ukuze uhlinze ubuhle bwezinhlelo ye-VVT nokuphumelela kwayo.