Izivivinyo Ezifana Ngezinye Izekelezayo Zomoto

Kunjani Umphakathi Womshini Ne-Architecture Yezinhloti Kuyenzela Ukuthi I-Switch Yesihlalo Isiyafani?

Ukushisa Kwe-OEM: Kungani Toyota Ne-Honda Kudinga I-Voltage/Resistance Efanayo

Toyota ne-Honda zombili zisebenzisa isingoqo senzenzo yesango se-analog yabo i-window switches, kanti ukuthola ivholthi ne-engeli echanekileyo kubalulekile kakhulu. Okunye okuncane okuchanekileyo, njengoba ngokungaphezu kwe-hafhi yevholthi, kungadonsa izinto kakhulu ngezimemo zemposiso noma inqanaba eligcwele. Ngenca yokumona umzekelo we-Honda Accord kusuku lwa-2018 kuya kusuku lwa-2022 abasebenzisa inkqubo ye-12V pulse width modulated efuna amandla we-resistance apho-apho ngaphakathi kwesilinganiso se-plus or minus 5% sesingeniso se-factory. Xa izinto ezintsha ezingenayo zika ezi zilinganiso, abantu baphazanywa nabayinga abasebenza ngamanye amaxesha noma abulala ngokugcwele. Kungani ke izinkampani zezimoto ziqhubeka nokusebenzisa lezi zicinga ezibangelene? Ngoba kukhona izici zempilo ezithunyelwe kuzo lezi nqubo ezidetecta izinto eziphakeme ngokulinganisa amandla, ngakho xa kutheni esiphakamini, izinkinga ezizinga kufuneka ziphinde ziphume ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ford, GM, nezinkinga ze-Europe: CAN Bus, LIN Bus, nezidinga ze-Coding kuWindow Switch zesikhathi sasendulo

I-Ford, i-General Motors, nabakhiqizi bezimoto baseYurophu, kuhlanganise neVolkswagen ne-BMW, basebenzisa amanethiwekhi okuxhumana edijithali (amabhasi e-CAN ne-LIN) ukuze balawule amafasitela. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo ze-analog, lezi zidinga ukushintsha ukudlulisa imilayezo eqinisekisiwe, ehambisana ne-protocol eyaziwa yi-Body Control Module (BCM).

Isiswitch se-Ford F-150 ye-2022 ayisebenzi ngaphandle kokufakwa okulungile kwezixwayiso ze-LIN, ngelikhalifa ukuthi i-BMW iDrive ikumele kube nekhodi yezinto ukuze kuthintelwe imiphumela engavumelekile ku-BCM. Ngaba ngu-73% kwezimpendulo zokufaka izinto ezithintekayo (IsiGcawu seManyegezi eMotore, 2023), ukutholakala kwamanje kunxuswa ekukhuleni kwezivumelwano kungenjalo kuphela ukufakwa kwamanzi.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-Month-Years nokuthinta kwezinyathelo kuzinyathelo Zokubuyisela isiswitch se-Windows

2015-2019 vs. 2020+ Izinhlelo: Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Infotainment, Ukuguquka kwe-Harness, Nokwahluka kwe-Pinout

Emva kwe-2020, abasebenzi bomshini wamakhari khalaqala ukuxhuma izivikelo ngakumbi kumthombo wemfupho kanye nomoduli wokulawula umzimba, ukhumba kusendaweni kwezivikelo zasekuqaleni ezingu-12 volt ezenziwa ngendlela ye-analog. Ngokwesithembu esitholakala ngabakhankani bomshini, kunezilingo ezingu-30 ekuqashisweni kwebhodi yezihluzo zomshini wamakhari okwenzelwa ngalesi sikhathi ngokunjalo kunezihluzo ezintsha zokulungisa kanye nezinhlanganisi ezintsha zedatha. Izenzo zezihluzo zaphakathi zazohlaza kakhulu futhi. Ngokomzekelo, amamodeli eFord akamuva manje anezihluzo ezingu-8 engu-8 ngaphandle kwezindala ezingu-6. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abasebenzi bezimboti kumele bakhohlaze ngokuphindwe kabibili ngaphambi kokubuyisela into ngokuthi kunezimali ezilungile, ukukhathaza ngaphakathi kwezimali ezingu-5% kanye nokuthi bezinikezela ukuthi zilandelene nezihluzo zezihluzo ngokwesithembu ngalunye ulwazi lwemodeli.

Isibonelo Sebenzayo: I-2017 Subaru Outback Driver-Side Window Switch — Ukuthulwa Kwezilungu Nezinkinga Ze-Pinout Zingachazwa

Kwakukhona isibonelo sangempela emuva ngo-2017 nge-Subaru Outback lapho izinguquko ezincane ekuxhumeni kwezintambo zaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Ezinye izinkinobho ezisemakethe zangemva kokuthengiswa zazinamaphini azo omhlaba namandla ashintshiwe, okwenza ukuthi kube nokudonswa kwamanje okwengeziwe okuhamba ngohlelo cishe ngama-0.8 amps esikhundleni se-spec yefektri yama-0.3 amps. Lokhu kwabangela izinkinga ezicasulayo ze-ground loop esizesaba sonke, okwenza izintambo zishise ngokweqile futhi kwaqeda ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwewindi elizenzakalelayo. Ekugcineni, umshini wawunquma ngokuhlola imibhalo esemthethweni yokusebenza eyayithi ipini engu-3 kwakudingeka ixhunywe ngokuqondile emhlabathini. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukwenza izingxenye zisebenze kahle akuyona nje indaba yokulinganisa ukuma noma osayizi. Ukuhambisana kwangempela kudingeka kufanelane ezintweni eziningana kuhlanganise nendlela izixhumi eziqondiswe ngayo, uhlobo lomthwalo kagesi eziwusebenzisayo, ngisho nalezo zimpawu ezikhethekile zokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye ezifana nesidingo se-Subaru se-125 kilohertz pulse pattern ukuze isebenze kahle.

Ukubunjwa Kwe-Window Yezimali Ngokuphelele: Ukuqinisekisa Ukuthi I-Switch Yifakiwe Ngaphandle KokuLayisha Nokusebenza

Ukudlala Kusetyenziswe Ngokuhambisana Phakathi Kwe-Switch Yezimali, I-Motor, I-Fuse, Ne-Body Control Modules (BCMs)

Inkinga yokusebenza yezimali ngokuphelele ibalulekile ekubunjwaneni phakathi kwezincinci ezifundamental ezine ezidlulene ngokuthinta:

• Iziswitch zezimali , esebenzela njengesimo sokumandla sengcingo, esithumela amasheli amathulwa kumthombo wokumandla kwemoto;
• Izimotor zezimali , ezithintela kuphela amandla amathulwa okuphinda okanye amandla amadijithal;
• Izifuse nezirele , esihlindeza ngokuphazanywa kwamandla okuthinta okuthintekayo kumandla okungafakiwe okanye amaphutha okuthiwa;
• I-Body Control Modules (BCMs) , ihlanzwe lokuphimaphima izikhathi, phatha ilogic yokuphepha (umfana, ukuthuthuka), kanye nokuthiweba nezinye iimoduli njengezimoduli zedolo noma iimoduli zokuthenga.

Ukudweba kuzo zonke izigaba, njengendawo engekho yiprogrami, ikhomela elingezwekilekileyo, okanye i-BCM firmware ephakathi kakhulu, kungasebenze ngendlela engavumelekileyo okanye kungakwenzekile ngokugcwele.

Incazelo Yokusebenza: Ngokuthini Ukuvimbela Ukuthi Ngubani Umthwalo Wokuthiweba Kweswitch Yezwindow Ngaphambi Kokuthenga

Landela lolu hlelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuthiwebe ngaphambi kokuthenga:

1. Mangalisa izibhalo ezithile zomshini : Hlanganisa ngonyaka, indawo yokwenza, imodeli, umgca, kanti umhla wokwakha — izigaba zonyaka phakathi ziyakhiwa ngokuthi kuthuthukise i-harnesses okanye i-BCM firmware.
2. Qinisekisa amakhomela nezibhalo ze-protocol : Qinisekisa ivholtsi (okuvamile 12V DC), ukukhathaza kwezixhobo (±5% kwezinhlelo zedatha), kanye noluhlobo lwenethi (CAN/LIN) ngokusebenzisa i-OEM service documentation akungani ngokuthi kunezibhalo.
3. Hlola izinto zomthwalo waphakathi : Hlophana uhlobo lwekonekthara, inombolo yezipini, isimo, nokulungiselelwa kwezithiliwane ngokulinganisa nezidagramu zasephaneleni; izipini ezingahambelani kangcono ziphazanyiswa ngokuphazanyiswa kwesandla okuyinxalenye yesandla esingaphakathi okuya kusenkelwa kwamandla.
4. Qinisekisa izidingo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-Behind Control Module (BCM) : Fumanisa ukuthi kudingeka kubekiwe ikhowudi na, amakhina manje emva kuka-2018 awadinga izixhumanisi ze-OBD-II (isb., FORScan, Tech2, noma ODIS) ukuze akhokele izivikeli ezintsha ngezigaba sokuphepha nokuphephile.
5. Sithese kabonakalayo emva kokufaka : Sebenzisa wonke amaphaneli angangena ukuzulula/susa futhi uzilale izinkumbulo zomlando noma i-Behind Control Module (BCM) izikhowudi zenkinga, njengoba imiphumela engavulekiyo ye-circuit ingayenzeke ngokushesha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

1. Kungani umthetho wokwenzeka kwe-voltage/ukukhathazeka kubalulekile kuma-Turntable kanye nama-Honda amaswitchi wevenkili?

Ngoba kusekelwe kumqondo wokugcwalisa okusetshenziselwa kusigaba sangaphandle, umthetho wokwenzeka kwe-voltage/ukukhathazeka kubalulekile kuzindlela zokuphepha njengekhothazwa kwezinto, ezisetshenziselwa ekukhathazekeni ukungabi khona komoto.

2. Kanjani izivikeli zama-Ford kanye ama-GM zihluke kanjani kumzobo wokuxhumana?

U-Ford useza i-LIN Bus ekudinga ukuthembeka kwezimethetho kunye nekhowudi ezigcinwa ngokwe-VIN, ngelixa i-GM isebenza nge-CAN Bus enobuchwepheshe bokulinganisa kanye nesoftware yomthengi yokuphrograma.

3. Kungani okuqukethwe kweminyaka yemodeli kuthinta ukubuyisela izivivinyo?

Izivivinyo emva kwe-2020 zange zibone ubukhona bomlando wokuxhumana, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo yokuzijabula, kanye ngezinguquko zezinhlamvu, ezidinga imcenqini engcono yokulinganisa ukuthi kutholakala kanye nokufakwa okwenzekayo.

4. Yiziphi iingcambu ezidinga ukusondelela kwi-ecosystem yekhupe elektrhile yonaphakade?

Le ndlela isebenza ngokuxhasana phakathi kwezivivinyo zenaphakade, izimoto, iifuse, kanye ne-Body Control Modules (BCMs) ukulawula inzululwane yokusebenza kanye nokuphatha ubomi.

5. Ngani na angakwazi ukuthi kutholakale ngaphambi kokuthenga ivivinyo entsha?

Phanda imithombo esiyinxalenye yesivivinyo, iinkcukacha zelektrhile, iinkcukacha zokunxibelelana ngempahla, izidingo zokuhlanganiswa kwe-BCM, kanye nokwenza imcenqini epheleleyo emva kokufakwa.