Te Tūranga o te Vālvu Riihi i te Hoko Kōpiko

He aha te Vālvae Tōī, me pēhea tana mahi i ngā Pūhiko Puna Kōhinu?

Te Tāpiritanga me te Hanganga Matua o te Vālvae Tōī

Ko te Vālū Rīwhi Tōmuri, nō te tinihanga SCV, e noho ana tika ki te wāhi tata ki te pampu kōkiri i ngā punaha whakauru kōkiri mōrearea. Ko tēnei kaimahi iti he vālū e whakahaeretia ana e te solenoid me tētahi tūmau matatini me te tūmau paraihe. He aha te mea e motuhake ana i a ia? Nō reira, i hangaia kia tari ai i te rere o te kōkiri tere, ā, whai whakaaro hoki ki te pānga herekau i raro i te kapu. E mahi ana tonu te mea katoa ahakoa ngā tikanga herekau nā te mea i whakaritea e ngā kaihanga ki te tere me te kaha. Ā, mā te rahi iti, ka taea e te SCV te urupare tere kaua e tuku i te mahinga, he mea nui tēnei i ngā take pēhi-ki-tōrunga e mōhio ana tātou kua aroha te mīhini.

Te Tino Tāwahi o te Vālū Rīwhi Tōmuri i te Whakauru Kōkiri Mōrearea

Ko te SCV i ngā hinu taraiwa tīwai e whakarātō ana i te nui o te hinu e uru ana ki te pūmahara toharite mā te whakatu ake i te ara urunga. Ko tēnei momo whakahaere e whakapau kia āhua anuanu te toharite e rere atu ana ki te puna toharite. Ina tu ana tētahi ki te karu, ka aukati i te taraiwa kia kore e mate hinu, engari ina heke te tere, ka aukati i te nui rawa o te hinu e rere ana. Ko te whakauru i te aronga hinu ki te mea e hiahiatia ana e te taraiwa mō te pānga, ka pai ake te pūmahara o te pānga roto i ngā sili. Hei tāpiri anō, ko tēnei tūranga ka iti ake i ngā whatukuhā kino katoa.

Me pēhea te whakahaere a SCV i te rereketanga me te toharite o te hinu ki te urunga pūmahara

Ko te SCV e mahi ana ma te huri i te nui o te kora e taea e te pampara te neke, arā anō hāngai ai i te wāhi e noho ana ērā paraihe. Ina hiahiatia atu kaha ki ngā mōhinu, pērā i te pikinga ki ngā puke, te hurahura rānei, ka whanake awhio ake te SCV kia tino rere ai te kora i te wā e pupū ana te toki. Engari ina maroke ai, ina kāore rānei te mōhinu e mahi ana kia hiahiatia, ka parekia e te SCV ētahi o ērā rere kia kaua ai te toki kia tino puipui. Kua oti katoa tēnei e ngā tohu mai i te Engine Control Unit, te ECU hāngai ai. Ko te punaha whakaputa katoa tēnei e tiaki ana kia tino tika te nui o te kora e tukuna ana i te wā e hiahiatia ana. E ai ki ngā rangahau hou a DieselTech Insights i te tau ki muri, ko ngā punaha hōu e whakamahi nei i tēnei hangarau e pai ake ana i te 6 ki te 8 ōrau i runga i te katoa.

Te Mahi a te Paraihe Tāwhai i ngā Punaha Mōhinu Tīwae Rārangi

Te Whakauru i te SCV ki ngā Punaha Kōpae Kōpae Paitini Ia Te Rārangi

Ko te SCV (te vā porotiti kotahi) he wāhi matua nui ki ngā mōhinī taru tāwera o nāianei, ā, ina heke ana ki ērā huinga rākau toharā hāngai ahakoa e kitea ana ia anō i ēnei rā. E takoto mai ana tēnei pouaka iraputa kei te wāhi tuarā o te pūpahi taru, ka mahi hei whakahaere i te taru pakaru iti i mua i te pakaru kikii ake. Ko te mea e pai ai tēnei huinga ko te pupuri i te pēhanga rākau tūtata i roto i ngā tere motuka rerekē. Whakaarohia tana mahi mai i te takitahi 800 RPM i te wā noho ai, tae atu ki te kaha tonu ki te 4,500 RPM. Ko te tūtata nei e āwhina ana i ngā pūpahi kia mahi tūtata ahakoa ngā tikanga taraiwa e tū mai ana.

Te Tautūwātanga Wā-Whakamutunga i te Pēhanga Taru me te Rere, Āhuatia ki te Hiahia Motuka

Kua tāwhai haere te SCV ki ngā tohu mai i te ECU, he wa poto i waenganui i te 50 ki te 200 miriānika. Mā tēnei ka taea e te punaha te whakarerekē tūmataiti noa ka huri ngā tikanga taraiwa. Hei tauira, ina tu ana te karu karihi ki te pene 75% kei te tīkapa. Ka tu ake te paraihe mō te 85% hei whakahaere i ēnei herekenga kikoinga mātātoko, engari ina noho tūpono ana ki ngā tere taraiwa noa, ka hoki anō ki te 60% te wāhi tu. Ko te wā urupare poto nei ka aukati i ngā rerekētanga ihukia kei roto i te rārangi toki-āhua e mahi ana ki te 2,000 ki te 3,000 bar. Mēnā kāore i te urupare pai, kāore ngā kaukau kikoinga e hoatu kikoinga tika, ka huringa hoki te kauhua o te hinu i te wā.

Te Whakawhitinga I Waenganui I Te Tūnga O Te SCV Me Ngā Tahumaero O Te Puna Kikoinga

E toru ngā take matua e whakahaere ana i te whakaururanga i waenganui i te SCV me te puna kikoinga:

• Ko te tūnga o te paraihe poutapeta e whai pānga ana ki te uaua o te puna karaihe
• Ko ngā whakarahinga i ngā herekenga hydaraureko e pa ana ki te hanganga o te korokoro ki te wāhi unuhia
• Ko te whakarereketanga o te rere e pakaru ana i ngā pūnaha vane

Ka iti ake ngā ngaro kore e taea ana te whakamahi (parasitic losses) ki te 12% i ngā tono mō ngā waka hokohoko (Diesel Tech Quarterly 2023) te whai māia ki te whakapai ake i te mahi tūmatanui o te punaha.

Te Whakaurunga Kāuta o te Mīhini Trūwha te Whakarereketanga ā-tūmatanui o te SCV

Ko te SCV e whakauru ana i te tukatuka kāuta e hāngai ana ki te kāuta o te mīhini:

• 20–30% te wāhi tuwhera mō ngā kāuta māma (hei tauira, te taraiwa i te tāone)
• 50–70% mō ngā kāuta pēnei (hei tauira, te taraiwa tūanui)
• 85–95% mō ngā kāuta taumaha (hei tauira, te pikinga maunga)

Ko tēnei whakaritenga āwhata e whakapai ake ana i te ūnga kāuta 2–4% i ngā whakamātautau o ngā waka, ā, e āwhina ana i te aronga ki ngā paerewa NOx.

SCV me te Kaitiaki Kōtaha o te Mīhini: Te Mahi Tahi mō te Whakahaere Tika i te Kāuta

Te whakawhitinga korero matihiko i waenganui i te SCV me te ECU

Ko te SCV ka tāwhai i ana tohutohu mā ngā hainatanga PWM e tuku ana e te ECU, e whakarere ana i te tūranga o te vāvā i waenganui i te 300 ki te 1,200 ngā wā ia meneti anake. Mā tēnei momo whakawhitinga kōrero tere ka taea ngā wā roa tonu ki te urupare ina heke mai ngā panoni ki te throttle. Ko te ECU kei te tāwhai korero mai i ngā kaitirotiro tūranga pūtahi me ngā kaitoro pēhanga rīriki kia kitea ai te tūranga tika o te SCV. Ina pai te aronga i ngā tikanga noa, ka whakahaere tēnei punaha i te rere o te karaka ki te pono tino pai, e noho ana i roto i te paku nei pea ±1.2 ōrite hoki.

Te Tūmanako o te Hoki Kaitirotiro i te Tukunga Karaka Āwhata

Ka mātauranga ake te punaha whakahaere mōwhiti-kore e whai ana i ngā tohu mai i ngā kaitirotiro hau oksihini i te taha o ngā mea e occurring ana i te punaha whakahoki hau whakaputa, nā reira ka āwhina ki te whakatika i te ara e whakahaere ana te SCV. I whakaatu te rangahau i tukuna ki te tau ki muri ko ngā hua hoki he pai rawa atu. Ina whakamahia e ngā mīhini ngā whakaritenga SCV e te rorohiko e whakahaere ana i te wāhi o ngā tikanga hinonga tawhito, i kitea e toru haurua iti ake ngā raru ki te tiki i te takotoranga tika o te kōpae hiko me te hau. He mea nui tēnei nā te mea me mahi ngā punaha nei i ngā tikanga maha o te ao pono. Whakamārama mō te aha me pērā ai ngā kōpae takurua e mahi ana i ngā wehenga kōpae noa i te takurua, ka huri pea te uaua ki te taha o te 15%. Anō hoki te whai e pā ana ki te hau iti ake ki ngā maunga tikangia e pā ana ki te uara o te whakaputangia. Ka tāwhaihia ēnei take katoa tēnei takotoranga o ngā kaitirotiro e mahi tahi ana ki te taha.

Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere Mōwhiti-Kore e Hāpai Ana i te Uara o te Whakaputangia

Ko ngā kapa whakahaere mōhine hou anuanu ka whakamahi tauira matapae hei whakarerekē i te tūnga o te SCV i mua i te wā, e āwhina ana i te aukati i ngā raru kawhara i mua i te mea ka tū. Ko te hononga i ēnei pūnaha ki te tiro ake i te pēhi i te wā pono he mea nui anō. E whakaatu ana ngā tūhura ko ngā putanga e peka ake ana tēnei ina whakamahia tēnei tautuhinga, e iti ana i waenganui i te 22% ki te 27%. Ko te mea hoki pai ko te mahi tahi tonu a te ECU me te SCV hei waihanga i tētahi mea e rite ana ki tētahi pūnaha whakatika-a-kiraro. Ka pupuri tēnei i ngā pēhi kawhara e pā ana ki te mea me pā, arataki i roto i te 2% ki te 4%, ahakoa he aha ngā tikanga taraiwa.

Te Pānga a te Vālita Arataki ki te Mahi a te Mōhine me te Rawa Kaimātai

Whakanuinga i te Mahi a te Mōhine Trūwhana i te Tātai Tika i te Kaimātai

Ina tātaiwhetu te SCV i te rere o te kōpae ki te wāhi e uru mai ana ki te pampi, ka tu ana te pēhanga rārangi i roto i te 2.5% i ngā haerenga katoa o te RPM. Ko te aronga ko te kāore te mōhinu e matekākā ana i te kōpae ina tere ana, engari kāore hoki e maroke ana ina noho tere ana. Ko te putanga? He aha atu te kaha e tukutuku ana me te iti ake te pānga ki ērā wāhanga whakauru utu. Ka whakautu pai ake ngā mōhinu, ka roa ake hoki, i te wa e pupuri ana i ngā tau pai o te kōpae. No reira nei ka whakapono mōrearea ngā tohunga mātai mō te tātaiwhetū tika mō te mahi me te whakapauaro.

Te Whakapaipai i te Rangahau Kōkiri Mā te Tātaiwhetū SCV

Ko te tika o te whakarāwekenga o te SCV e ai ki ngā taipitopito motuka motuhake e āwhina ana kia pai ake te whakahaere i te paraire hau-mātai, ka iti ake ngā karohikaina kāore i ruarua mai i te 18 ki te 22 ōrau e ai ki te Pukapuka Hākinakina Diesel i te tau ki muri. Mō ngā kaipūmahara e whakahaere ana i ngā pūnaha rerehua, ka hui te SCV me ngā whakarerekenga EGR anō hoki. Ka nui ake te wera o ngā motuka engari he aha atu ake te uaua i ngā wā e noho paku ana, ka whai te 4 ki te 6 ōrau whakapai ake i te uauatanga hinu. Ko te ara e mahi tahi ana ēnei pūnaha e rua e tanumia ana i ia taraweti kaha i ia mātai kōpū, he mea nui rawa ēnei ina ko te tinihanga hinu te kaupapa e whai mātou nei i ēnei rā.

Tākarotia: Ngā Pānga o te Tūminga SCV ki te Tinihanga Hinu i ngā Motuka Dīsel Matua Taumaha

I te whakamātau ake i te tau e 12 rānei me ngā karaihe Class 8 i whakaatu ai i ngā painga nui mai i te whakahaerenga pai ake o te SCV mā te kite i te uta i rewa ora:

I whakamāoritia e ngā tikanga tāwhaiwhai EPA, i tuku te takiri mōhio kia puāwai moni kauahe tau $2,100 ia waka, me kore rawa ngā pūkenga unu.

Ngā hinganga mōhio o ngā Vālū Tari Kōpae noa me ngā whakataunga mataara

Ngā tohu arataki o te hinganga SCV

Ina timata te he o ngā SCV, ka kitea e ngā kaitoi ngā raru o te tu ana paku, te uaua ina pakaru te karapoti ārai, āhua noa i te haurua karuhi, ngā wehe kaha, me ētahi wā ko ngā pourewa tēnei i ngā RPM iti ake. Ko tētahi tohu atu ko te putanga o te mōhio rere iti ake i ngā whakangāhau nui. He nui ngā take e hoki ana ki ngā solenoid parurenga i muri i te 80k maero ki te karu. Ka taea hoki e ngā kirimea i te punaha karakau te whai kiko, engari. Ka pakaru ngā taputapu iti ake i tētahi hiri, ka pakaru ai ēnei vālū, ka whakarahua ai te whakahaere pēhitana tika i te punaha katoa.

Ngā Āhua o te Mate o te SCV ki te Whakahaere Injini me ngā Whatunga

Ina timata te aukati a te SCV, ka hinga te punaha pēhikara kōpae, e kino ana ki te mahi a te injini i te kōpae. He raruraru nui tēnei, ā, e ai ki ngā tauā o te EPA i te tau ki muri, ka piki ake ngā whatunga oksīta hauauru i te wāhi 15 ki te 22 ōrau. Me hoki atu hoki ki ngā pātiti iti nei, nā te mea ka hinga te takotoranga o te hau-meatapua, he wā hiato anō pea te iti rawa, he wā anō pea te rahi rawa. Mā te haere tonu me te SCV kino, ka pakanga te pūmua pēhikara teitei, ā, kei te tūpono te mate o ngā nohoi inihati uaua ina piki ake ngā pēhikara ki runga ake i te 250 bar. E kitea ana e ngā tohunga tikanga tēnei e whai ake nei i ō rātou whare, ā, ka pau kia roa ngā taruhi i te kōpae kāore i te mōhio, ka ngaro pea i te 12 maero ia gallon i te kiko o te kōpae ina haere tonu ngā raruraru.

Te Tātari i ngā Raru SCV mā te Whakamahi i ngā Waehere Hapa OBD-II me te ECU

Ka whai ngā tikanga tātari hou i ngā taputapu OBD-II hei tātari i ngā raru SCV mōhio:

Ka āta tātari ngā kaimahi mōhini i ngā raraunga ora—ki te uru hoki ki te hononga MAF me te pānga o te toharite kōpua—ā, ka titiro hoki ki te hononga 2-matapihi a SCV mō te arataki karbon. Ko te herekenga e wātea ana i waho i te rohe 4–6Ω e tohu ana i te muhu o te hiko. Ko te whakamātau i te pepa me ngā tohu ECU āhua (8–14V) hei whakapumautia te mahi o te vāla, ā, ko te tikanga tēnei te nuinga o ngā tikanga whakataunga.

FAQ

He aha te aronga matua o te Vāla Arataki Tāwhai (SCV)?

Ko te aronga matua o te Vāla Arataki Tāwhai he whakarāwekenga i te rere o te kōpua ki roto i te pūmua kōpua, kia pono ai te toharite mō ngā hiahia a te mōhinī i ngā tikanga rerekē.

Me pēhea te pā o te SCV ki te ōrau kōpua?

Ka whakapai ake te SCV i te ōrau kōpua mā te whakarerekē aunoa i te tukatuka kōpua e te mōhinī e noho ana, ā, ka hua ai te piringa ake i te kauhua me te heke i ngā whakaputanga.

He aha ngā tohu e tohu mai ana ko te SCV kei te hapa?

Ko ngā tohu noa o te SCV hapa ko te pahu koiwi, te uaua i te whakatakaranga, ngā tautuhi kaha, me te urupare o te mōhinī ki te arataki pakaru i te wā o te whakatakaranga nui.

Ka taea e te SCV kino te painga ki ngā putanga o te mōhinī?

Āe, ka taea e te SCV kino te whakapau ake i ngā putanga o te nitrogine oksai rānei, ārai rānei hoki nā te kīnga kikokiko kore tika.