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Umshayeli wokugcina wezinye zezindawo zokusebenza kwe-engine, uyaphakamisa ubungakanani nobude bokuphuma kwamanzi, ukuze uthole isignali esisebenzisa ngayo i-ECU ukukhula ukutshisa. Amadusti nezinye izinto ezingafanayo ezinamandla ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokufika kumthambo wokuphuma kuyisibonelo esikhulu kakhulu sokuthi isignali isebenza njani. Uma izinkundla zokuphatha ziyafika kumthambo wokuphatha, ukuguqula kwesiphakade kusobala ngokushesha, futhi iziphumo ziyagcinwa kubukhulu bekutshisa, ukuphulana kwezinto zokuphulana, nokuzimisa.
Ukuthi Yini Ukuthi Amadusti Ayalahlela Ubungakanani Bekuqondwa Kwezinye Zokuphuma
Kungani Izinkundla Ziyagcinwa Umthambo Wokuphatha Kwesikhathi Sokuphatha
I-elementi lokuthi liyisensing yefilm ethi yikhulu — i-elementi yesensor yefilm ethi yikhulu — ngaphakathi kwemithambo yokuqonda ukuvula kuyisebenza ngokusebenzisa imembreni engeziwe ngokuphelele, eya kubekwa emoyeni wokuvula okuphambili. Ukugcina kwezincwadi kulemembreni kuyenza ukuthi kubekwe njengokugcina kokuchitha kwezinye izinto, okuzokwenza ukuthi ukuchitha kwezinye izinto kuzoba kuncane futhi kuzokwenza isakhelo sokulawula ukuthi kubhekwe njengokuthi kukhona ukuvula okuncane kunezinhlobo zokuvula ezikhiqizwe. Nangokwezincwadi ezingapansi kwe-micron ziyagcina kumkhakha owodwa okuzokwenza ukuthi ubalulekile kwezinye izinto zokuchitha kuzobuye kushintsha ukubaluleka kwezinye izinto zokuchitha okusetyenziswa ukuthi kubaluleke kahle. Ngeminyaka eyodwa yokusebenza, ukushintsha kuyadlala kuhle kusukela ekuthi isakhelo sokulawula sibeka isiphumo esingafanele sokufaka isilahlaho esifanayo.
Ukuthi Ukugcina Kuyashintsha I-Ratio Yomoya-Nomthwalo
Umfaniso wokufaka okungafanele uyabringa izinto eziningi kunezinkolo; uyabringa isifuba se-oli, isithuthu, nokuphakamisa kwemithi yomhlaba okubhala indawo yokubona. Ngenxa yokuphela kwesinyathelo sokubhalwa, i-Engine Control Unit ibona ukuthi kukhona ukufaka okuncane futhi iyenza isibonelo sokukhula, okwenza ukuthi ukuphakama kwesikhathi sokuphakama kwezindawo zokuphakama kanye nokuphakama kwesiphumo se-NOx. Ukulungisa okukhula kuyasekuvuleka ngenkathi isenzorhi yadlula, emva koko isikili sasendaweni sasendaweni. Isenzorhi sokufaka okungafanele isibonela ukuthi kukhona ukufaka okuncane ngaphambi kokuthi kubonakale inkulumo yezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ukuthwasa kwemithi yokuqonda ekuseni kwezindawo zokubuyela kubonisa ukuthi indawo yokubona ibhalwe ngomkhakha we-grey we-silicon ne-carbon okuhlinza isikhumba.
Amapharti amaningi we-dustproof endaweni yasendaweni
Isifunda se-filter nezinqumo zemiphanga yomkhakha
Umbhalo wokubhala okuphelele wezinyawo zokudlula kuyenza ukuthi ubhale umkhakha wokuvikela kusuka kumphakathi ngokusebenzisa isikhombisa esisilinganisiwe sokufihla kwezinyawo, okuphinde kuphinde kubhekise amaphutha amabi ngaphandle kokukhupha izinyawo ngokucacileyo. Uma isikhombisa sibizwa kakhulu, amaphutha ayakwazi ukufika ekhaya lokugcina eliphansi; uma isikhombisa sibizwa kancane, isibonelo sikhotha umdlwengu wokudlula kwezinyawo futhi sithola ingxenye yokuqondisa ukuthi kunezinyawo eziningi. Isikhombisa siseda kumphakathi wokungena, sivikela isikhombisa sokuhlanza noma isikhombisa sokuhlanza ngamaphutha esikhundleni esiphansi. Ukukhetha ukuzingca kwezinyawo zokufihla kuyinto yokubalansisa ukuthi kubhekise kahle kwezinyawo zokufihla ngaphandle kokukhupha izinyawo, okuyinto eyodwa yonke yezinyawo zokuvikela ukubhala kwezinyawo zokudlula kufanele ibe yilowo lapho kubhekise kahle ukuthi kubhekise kahle ukubhala.
Umbhalo wokuvikela nokuthi isikhombisa siyisikhundla
Emuva phakathi kwesikrini, ukukhokha kwe-sensor kufuna isikhumba esibhalwe kanye ne-gasket esihle esikhiqiza ukuthi amafutha asingatholi indlela yokuphuma emuva kwe-element. Lokho okungahleli ngaphakathi kwesikhumba kusiza amafutha ukuthi bathole indlela emfushane ekuya ngayo esikhundleni sesisurface sokubona, okuzimisa isikhundla sokugcina ngokuphelele. Isikhundla sokuvula amafutha esihle sikhuluma isikhumba ngemithambo yezinkampani ephakathi kwe-glass kanye nokubonda i-gasket kwi-flange esihle isikhuluma ngokuphelele ukuze ukuthwasa akwazi ukuvula indlela yokudlula amafutha. Ukubheka i-gasket ngokuphelele kuyisicelo esincinci sokukhokha ukuthi akukho kulungile ukuthi kuhlele kakhulu kanye nokukhokha ukuthi ikalibrasi yokuqondisa i-ECU iyasebenza ngokuphelele ukuthi kubhekene nesiphumo sokuvula amafutha. Ukubheka ukuthi ipressure-decay kwenziwa ngokuphelele kusobala ukuthi akukho indlela yokudlula amafutha phakathi kwe-side yokungatholakali kanye ne-cavity yezinkampani. Ukuthola umphumela owodwa kubonisa ukuthi i-gasket ibe yilapho kahle ngokuphelele ngokuthwasa.
Izindlela zokukhokha kwe-ingress ozikufanele ukuzazi
Izinto ezibonisa i-IEC 60529 IP Ratings
Isistandisi se-IEC 60529 sibhalisa amakhodi okukhupha ukufihla (Ingress Protection) okubhekisana nokuthi indawo yokuqondisa iyabulawa ngakanani ngamathambo amadliwane nezilwanyana. Umphumela omkhulu wokwesibili kuyinto eyenza ukuthi kubulawa kahle kakhulu ngamathambo amadliwane ekuseni kwemikhawulo yezinhlobo zokusebenza. Nangona umsawuli wezimitha yomoya awakwazi ukufumana isilinganiso se-IP6X ngoba umoya kufuneka kudlule ngayo, isistandisi sisebenza njengokuhlonganisa kanjani abasebenzi bakhiwa indawo yezinhlobo zokusebenza ne-connector. Abasiza abaqhathanisa izinkotho kufuneka bafunde isilinganiso se-IP njengokuthi kuyisibonelo sesayensi esihle sokubulawa ngamathambo amadliwane kwezinhlobo zokusebenza, kodwa akuyi-lingo yezimbi zokuthenga ezingaphansi kwezinye izimpahla.
Kungani i-ISO 5011 ibheka kuzo izindawo zokubulawa ngaphambili
I-ISO 5011 isungula izinqubo zokuhlola zokuvinjelwa kwesihlungi somoya kanye nomthamo wothuli, ukuzivikela okuphezulu okuvikela imitha yokugeleza komoya ekungcoleni kakhulu. Isihlungi somoya senjini esivalekile noma esidlulayo siphonsa uthuli oluningi kakhulu entweni yokuzwa kunokuba noma yisiphi isikrini sangaphakathi singasibamba. Amaqembu okuthenga kufanele aphathe isimo sesihlungi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemitha njengohlelo olulodwa. Ukuhlanganisa isihlungi esiqinisekisiwe nemitha eyakhelwe nxazonke ukuvikelwa kwenzwa yokugeleza komoya kunciphisa ukwehluleka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuzo zonke izimoto futhi kugcina ukusebenza kwenjini ngaphakathi kwebhande lokubekezelela eliklanyelwe.
Thenga, Hlola, Futhi Ugcine Ukuze Uthole Ukunemba Okuhlala Njalo
Indlela Yokuhlola Isikrini Sokungena Nokuvala
Ngokuphatha kwezinsiza zokusebenza, sula umqolo wokufaka futhi ujonge isikrini sokufaka ukuba kunezinkunkuma zomthwakazi, izinto zezinyoni, noma isilayi sesithole esizimele umqolo wokufaka. Isikrini esisilelwe sisimelana nokufa kwesiqondiso esihambisana nesiqondiso esingavumelekile. Jonga isigasketi ukuba kunezincamango, ukubeka phansi kakhulu, noma ukusuka kwenyathelo ekungasindiswanga umqolo wokufaka ngaphandle kokufilwa. Lokhu konke okungafanele kokuqinisa kufanele kuchazwe ngokukhutshwa kwegasketi noma kohousing. Ukubona kwezinsiza kwezindawo zokwakha eziphephile kubonisa ukuthi ukujonga isikrini ngemizuzu emishumi ayisikhathi esifanele ukuvikela umqolo wokufaka wokugcina isikrini sokufaka ngokushesha futhi ukuvikela isiqondiso semqolo wokufaka se-hot-film ukusuka kwezinkinga zokugcina.
Izinsiza Zokuphatha Ezivikela Iziquketho
Shintsha isifiltara se-ayir yomotori ngomhla wokushintsha okuphakeme uma izihlathi zihambisa emagumbini, emazweni okuzilima, noma emasithi yokubanga. Ungafaka isolventi ngqo kumshini wokubala umkhondo we-ayir (hot-film bridge); sebenzisa kuphela isolventi esivumelwe ukusebenzisa kumshini wokubala umkhondo we-ayir. Qaphela ukuthi isikhumba sokufa sibe khanywe ngokuphelele emva kokushintsha isifiltara, futhi thabatha amazwi okungabi ngezinye izinto ezisemthwakathini ngalokho isihlathi. Lezi zindlela zizokhula ubudlelwano bezimfundo zokubala nokuhlinza isikhumba sokufa sokubala umkhondo we-ayir, futhi zihlinza ukubala okufanele okuyidingekile yikhompyutha yomotori (ECU). Ukushintsha okuphelele kusihlathi sokubala umkhondo we-ayir kusenza ukuthi kusebenze njengoba kwalishwa ukuthi kubhekisele kubuthi bokugcina ubuthi, futhi kusenza ukuthi umotori usebenze ngendlela efanele ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokusebenza eziphakeme.
Ukuthi umkhakha wokuvikela phansi kwezinto ezingavaliyo uyisibonelo sokuthi umkhakha wokubala ukuvulwa kwehawa uyabuyela kumkhakha wakhe ngeminyaka yezimo ezingavaliyo zokuvulwa. Umkhakha wokuvikela owodwa, indawo eyafihliwe ngegasket enobunzima, nokuhlela kahle kuzokwenza ukuthi izinto ezingavaliyo zingalifihli ngaphambi kokufihla ekhaya lomkhakha wokubala ukuvulwa. Abathengi abazibhekisa ukuthi umkhakha wokuvikela phansi kwezinto ezingavaliyo (Ingress Protection) nobukhakha bokuvikela phambi kwehawa bakhetha izinkhakha ezibuyela kumkhakha wakhe ubude obubanzi futhi zivikela ubukhakha bokusebenza kwemoto ngokwesiqu.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Umbuzo
Ukuthi iphuzu le-IP iyibonisa abathengi ngani umkhakha wokuvikela phansi kwezinto ezingavaliyo?
Impendulo: Ukuthi iphuzu le-IP isho kusuka ku-IEC 60529 ibonisa ukuthi indawo yokuqondisa iyavikela kanjani izinto ezingavaliyo nezinto zokuvula. Inombolo eyenkulu yokuqala ibonisa ukuthi indawo yokuqondisa iyavikela kanjani izinto ezingavaliyo ukufihla emakhaya amanqaku. Abathengi kufanele bakhetha lephuzu njengebukhakha bokuvikela okuphelele kubhokisi lokugxila nekhaya lezinhlobo zokusebenza. Kuyasebenza ukuthi kutholwe ukuthi umkhakha wokuvikela phansi kwezinto ezingavaliyo uyisibonelo sokuthi umkhakha wokuvikela uyasebenza ngokuphelele, ngakho kutholwa ukuthi kungabi nempilo yezinhlobo zokusebenza zokuthi ziyavikela ngokuphelele uma kubhekiswa izinkhakha zokusebenza ngemizamo ezingavaliyo.
Umbuzo
Kungani izinto ezingavaliyo ekhaya lomkhakha wokuvikela phansi kwezinto ezingavaliyo kuyenza ukuthi ukuthenga kwemoto kuyahlukana?
Impendulo: Umgubho uphatha njengokugcina umthelela kumembrane esihlwayo, okusindisa ukuphela kwemithambo ekupheleni kwemvelo. Isikhombisi sokulawula sibona ukuthi kukhona ukuvulwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-mass flow ngempela futhi isikhombisi sokulawula sesiNkqubo sokuhlela isilwane (ECU) sibeka isilwane esincane. Lokhu kuyabusa ubukhulu bokuphela kwe-combustion futhi kubhekisa amaqhuzu okulawula okungasolwaziyo yisikhombisi sokulawula. Isiphumo siyizindleko zokuhlela izinkampani ngokungafani noma ukuzimisa okungafani phambi kokuthi ikhowudi yokugcina iyakhiwa, konke lokhu kubhekisa ukuthi kukhona ukugcina kwezinto ezihlukene kunezinto zokulawula.
Umbuzo
Kufanele ukubheka isikrini sokufika njani ngemva kokusebenzisa?
Impendulo: SUSA isikhombi sokufika futhi uhlola isikrini ukuthi kune-dust ephakanyiswa, izinto zokushisa zokushisa, noma isilwane sokufaka isilwane esingaphansi kwe-airflow. Bheka isigasketi ukuthi kunezinhlobo, ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo, noma ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo okunconywa ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zokufika kwe-air ungatholi kwe-bridge. Ukuthi kunezinhlobo zokugcina kufanele kwenziwe ukuguqula isigasketi noma isikhombi ngokushesha. Ukubheka kwezinsuku ezingu-5 kwezindawo eziphakade zokugcina kuyabusa izinsuku ezingu-6 zokusebenza okungafani futhi kuyalinda umthambo wokuhlola okuqondile we-hot-film.
Umbuzo
Ngabe isikhombi esisodwa singasebenza uma isigasketi sifana?
Impendulo: Yebo. Indawo ekhuluma kuphela uma igasket ayiphili, ngoba igasket yilokho esikhubeka ngalo umoya ongavaliwe ukuthi aqhubuke indawo yokufaka. Ukuhlanza, ukudlula kwezinye izinto, nokuzala kwenkathi kubiza ukuthi igasket ibe yisikhumba noma ikhulume, okuvula indawo yokuhlanza. Uma lokhu kahle, amandla ayifika emfanekiseni yokuhlola futhi ayisithembisa indawo yokufaka. Ukuphatha kwezinkathi zokuphatha kuyasebenza ukuhlola ukuthi indawo yokufaka iphili kakhulu, kodwa ukuphatha kwezinkathi zokuphatha kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi kungaphila ukuthi kusenziwa isikhumba.
Umbuzo
Kuphi ukuphatha kokuphatha okukhombisa indawo yokuhlola ngemva kakhulu?
Impendulo: Ukubuyisela ifiltara yomoya wemotori ngemva kwezinkathi zokuphatha kwezinkathi eziningi kuyabakha ngemva kakhulu, ngoba ifiltara eyisikhumba noma eyiqhubuka kuyabeka amandla ngokugcina kumshini wokuhlola. Sebenzisa kuphela isolvant esivuliwe ukusebenzisa isenziso sokuhlola umoya wokufaka futhi uzame ukuthi ubheke indawo yokufaka ngemva kokubuyisela. Thabatha amandla akhuluma ngokwesibonelo ngokwesikhundla ukuze kubonwe ukuthi kungaphila ukuthi kusenziwa isikhumba. Abasayizi baya kubhekana nezifiltara eziprovayidiwe noma isenziso sokuhlola umoya esihle ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi kungaphila ukuthi kusenziwa isikhumba.