Ukufunda ukuthi yini okufanele ukwenziwe ukuhambisana imitha yomoya kwezindawo zokusebenza kwe-gasoline ne-diesel?

Ukukhetha imithambo yokuqonda ukuvutha kwe-ahiliyo yokuphakama kwemoto ayikho into yokuthatha isiparti esifanayo noma kuphi. Amaphoyinti ayezinkampani zokusebenza ngemoto yezinkampani nezinkampani zokusebenza ngemoto yezinkampani ziyakhathazeka kahle, futhi isensha esibonisa ubude bokuvutha kwe-ECU yomoto kufanele ibe yisibonelo sokubhekana naleso. Isiparti esingafani nesilinganiso siza kusika umphumela wokuphakama okungafanele, ukungafani kwezinkampani zokusebenza ngemoto, nokufa kwezimboni zokugcina izimpilo. Le gujida ibonisa indlela yokuhambisana nesiparti esihle ngokwesithunzi somoto, ukuvutha kwe-sinyali, ukubambisana kwe-housing, nokulinganisa ukulinganiswa.

Kungani isithunzi somoto silungisele isiparti esihle sokuvutha kwe-ahiliyo

Indlela okuyishwa ngayo isensha yokuqonda ubude bokuvutha kwe-ahiliyo

Isisifanayo sesikhathi sokufolofolo, okusho kakhulu ngokuthi isensọ esiya kusihlwa se-MAF (isensọ yekhuluphile yokufolofolo), siphakathi kwesikhathi sokufolofolo nesibhodi yesithwashi. Umsebenzi wakho wokuphakeme kukukhombisa ikhuluphile yokufolofolo ekhulula emoto, akukho voliyimu kuphela, ngoba ikhuluphile yokufolofolo iyagwema ngokwezinkathi zokuchaza nokugwema. Amakhishini amaningi ayisebenzisa isibhakabhaka esishele — isihlwa sesiplatini esishele noma isigrid sesihlwa esishele — esibhekana ngokufolofolo. Isikhombiso sesikontrol siqonda ukuvimba kwelekthrikhi okudingekayo ukugcina leli sibhakabhaka kusilinganiso sesitemperetsha, emva koko siyakubeka ngokuthi yiliphi ikhuluphile yokufolofolo.

Ukufolofolo kwe-gasoline kunye ne-diesel

Izimoto zokusha ziyisela kumlinganiselo omuhle wokuhlanganisa isilwane nesilwane esikhulu, ngakho-ke umlinganiselo wokufihla kwamaphuzu kuyisibonelo sokubhala isikhombiso sesikhathi sokuphakama kwezinkampani. Izimoto zokusha ziyisebenza ngokuthula futhi zisebenzisa isensha ngokuvamile ukulungisa ukushisa nokulungisa ukuphakama kakhulu kungekho ukulinganisa isilwane. Ukuchangelwa kwalokho kubuye kuchangela lokhu kufanele kubhekwe ekukhetheni isensha yokufihla kwamaphuzu. Isensha yokufihla kwamaphuzu yezimoto zokusha iyathola ukuthula okukhulu nokuthi iphuma kwezimboni zokubhala izinkampani, ngakho-ke izimoto zokusha ziyafuna ukuthula okukhulu nokuthi iphuma kwezimboni zokubhala izinkampani. Ukuxoxa ngokuthi isensha ifanele kubhekwe ngokuthi ibe yisibonelo sokuthi isenzeka ngokuthula kakhulu. Ukubhala kwezimo zokusebenza kanye nokuthi kubhekwe ngokuthula kakhulu kubuye kuchangela ukuthi isensha ifanele kubhekwe ngokuthi ibe yisibonelo sokuthi isenzeka ngokuthula kakhulu, ngakho-ke isilinganiso sokufihla kwamaphuzu kufanele kubheke ngokuthi kubhekwe ngokuthula kakhulu.

Ukubhala kwezinhlobo zokubhala — Ngokuthula, Ngokuthula kakhulu, Ngokuthula kakhulu kwezinkampani, Ngokuthula kakhulu kwezinkampani

Ukubhala kwezinhlobo zokubhala ngokuthula kanye nokubhala kwezinhlobo zokubhala

Izindlela zokusebenza zezibalo zokugcina amandla ziyathumela ivolthu eliyashintsha ngokuvamile, eliyadlula kusukela kwemvolthu yomlando kusukela kwe-1 volt kumlando wokuphela ku-5 volts kumlando wokuphela. I-Engine Control Unit (ECU) iyahlanya le-signal ngokulinganisa nge-mapping yekalibrasi eyasendaweni ukuqonda ukuthi kufuneka kubhalwe kini. Uma isikhundla esisha sisebenzisa ikhurvi yokuqondana okuhluhlukile, i-ECU ibona ukuthi kukhona ukugcina amandla okungafanele futhi iyakhiqiza isikhundla. Sicela uvumele isikhundla sokuphuma nokuthi ivolthu iphuma kuzo zonke izindawo kabefore ukuthenga. Yenza ukuchaza isikhundla ngokulinganisa ngenombolo yezinto zokusebenza zokwesibini ukuze usuke ukuthola isensha esingahambani nelektroniki. I-voltmeter ne-scan tool zinconywa ukuthi izindlela zokuphela kanye nezokuphela kakhulu zihambisana nekhurvi ekhululekile kabefore umsitha uzobuyela kusebenza.

Izintechinoloji zesi-Digital ne-Hot-Film

Amaphutha amasha ayezinkampani zokubala ukuvulwa kwemvelo eziyisisekelo zasezinye zisebenzisa isikhombisa sokufana noma isikhombisa sesihlakahlaka, njengoko kusiza isikhombisa sokufana noma umbuzo wokuhlanganisa amaphutha, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isikhombisa semvelo esingasemthwakathini. Amaphutha okuqinisa amakhanda ayisiza ukuthi amakhanda akhanyelwe kumkhakha wokuphatha okuncane wokukhanya, okunika umphumela owuncane futhi okunqoba ukungafani kwezinto ezilungileyo kunezithakazelo zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani zokuphatha. Isifundo sase-SAE J1930 sibeka izindlela zokuchaza lezi zinhlelo zokudliwa, okusiza abasebenzi ukuthi bafanele isikhombisa esifanele. Khetha isikhombisa esisizele isikhombisa sokuphatha esisizwe ngokwesikhombisa sokuphatha; ukuguqula isikhombisa sokuphatha esisizwe ngokwesikhombisa sokuphatha esisizwe ngokwesikhombisa sokuphatha esisizwe kuyabhekana nezinkinga.

Ukufanana Kwesikhombisa, Isikhombisa Sokuphatha, Nokuchaza

Isikhombisa Sesikhombisa Nokufanana Kwesikhombisa Sokuphatha

Umbhalo wokuvula kwe-aiyflow uyafaila nakuba unguqinisekile ngokuphelele uma akakwazi ukubhola kwe-intake pipe. Ubude be-housing, ubuchule bokufaka, nokuthi izihlangothi ziyahambisana nezinhlobo zezindawo zokubhola. Amaphlatfommi amaningi ase-Japan nase-Europe ayisebenzisa isikhumba sokufaka, kodwa amakhombe ase-America ayadinga isikhumba sokubhola ngokubhola. Isikhumba esisilwa noma esihlanganisiwe sibangela ukuvula kwesihlangothi esingasolwa okungabikho isensha ngokuphelele. Bala ubude be-bore, hecha isikhumba sokufaka, futhi qinisekisa ubuchule be-harness connector kabefore ukuthenga. ISO 1585 ibhekisa emizimbeni yokuqonda kwe-engine okuyidinga ukuthi intake iyabhalwa ngokuphelele.

Ukuvumela nokuhlanganisa

Ukubalansi kubhridji phakathi kwe-signal esingasemthwakweni ne-nomhla wokusebenza wokuvula umkhondo. Amasensha amabili ongaphansi kwamagumbi amafanayo angathola ukuscaling okuhluke uma abhalwe ngokufana nokuthi kuyasebenzisa isikhundla esihluke. I-ECU ibhinda indlela yokuvula umkhondo nesikhundla sokuvula kwe-ayiru kanye nomkhondo wokuvula kwe-barometric ukuze isetshenzise ukuthenga kwe-fuel. Uma kushintshwa, khetha i-unit eyabhalwe ngokuphelele ngokufana nokhowudi yomoto. I-IEC 60068 yekhala imithombo yokuqinisa ubukhulu bekho emthwakweni wokubalansi phakathi kwe-heat kanye nokuvibrasi. Ukubalansi kabusha i-part engafani ngokwamanje ayisifanele kumashopi amaningi futhi kuyadlula ukuthi kubhekwe kwe-trim errors emuva kakhulu. Thabatha inombolo yepart yedlule kanye nokhowudi yomoto kusibhali sokusebenza ukuze kubhekwe kwe-replacements emuva kakhulu kubhekwe kwezinto ezifanayo kanye nokuthi kubhekwe kwezinto zokuzilungisa.

Isibonelo Sekhaya Kanye Nokulandela Indlela Yokuthenga

Isibonelo Se-Workshop Sokuthenga Isibonelo Se-MAF

Indawo yokusebenzisa izimoto yasemthwakathini yasetyenzisa umhleli wokuvula kwe-gasoline ngokubhala kwe-diesel okuphumelela kumkhakha wokufana. Umoto wabuka futhi wabuka kusukela, kodwa abadrayivewa bavuma ukuthi kuyaphila ekusenzeni isebenza futhi kukhona indlela yokugcina yokuqinisa. Ukuchaza kwakubonisa ukuthi isinyathelo sesensor sakhuphela kancane kakhulu kusukela kwe-calibration yegasoline, ngakho-ke i-ECU yasendleleni ukuthi yisize kakhulu ukuze iyisilisa. Ukushintsha kumhleli wokuvula wegasoline owengcono wabuyisela ukuthi umoto wasebenza kahle futhi wamula ikhowudi ngomzuzu wokudlala omunye. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umhleli wokuvula owengcono uyaphendula kumkhakha wemoto kunezinto zokubona.

Lohlola, Thenga, Futhi Yisikele

Khuthula umshini wokubala ukuvulwa kwehawa ngokulingana nesilayisi yamaphoynti asebenzayo esikhundleni, akalungile ukubhekisa kuphela kuqondiso. Bheka isibonelo sokubala ukuze ubone ukuthi kunezinkokhelo zokufuna okanye amandla apho kusobala ukuthi kunezinkokhelo, ngoba ukuthi kunezinkokhelo kuyakubeka kwezindlela ezihlukene. Sebenzisa isikhundla esihlanu ne-esikhundla esisodwa, futhi ungakhuphi isikhundla esingafanele. Ngokusebenzisa, ungasebenzisi ispraye esinezinkokhelo ezingavunyelwa yisibonelo sokubala. Hlola kabusha isibhakabhaka sokugcina emva kokufaka ukuze ushikelele ukuthi akukho hawa ekungabhalwanga. Isithuthi esifanayo, esihlanu, sivumela ukuthi isibonelo sokubala sisebenze kahle futhi sibe nendlela eyinhle yokusebenza kuzo zonke izindawo zokusebenzisa i-gasoline ne-diesel.

Ukuhambisana nembhalo yokuqondisa umoya oyindiza kuyaphinda kubhekwa ngokwesikhundla sokusebenza, kuhambisana ngokwezinkampani zokuthumela isignali nokwehlelo lokugcina, futhi kufika ekupheleni kwemboni yokuhambisana. Izinkampani zokudla nezinkampani zokudla ngokwezinye zihlukana ngokwesikhundla sokusebenza, ukuthatha izinhlaka, nokuthanda ukungahlinzeka, ngakho-ke ukubona okufanayo akakhathali ukubhekwa kokuhambisana kwezinhlobo. Ukulandela izinyathelo ezinguqukile ziyakusinda ukuthatha kwezinkampani, ukusinda isikhundla sokusebenza, futhi ukuvikela ukuthi kuzobhekwa kabusha. Ukuthenga kusukela kumthengi onenombolo yokuthenga okutholakala futhi enombolo yokuhambisana eyaziwa kuyakunciphisa isibopho sokuthola indawo engafanele kwi-bay.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Umbuzo

Izifunda zizithini xa izinhlaka zokuthatha umbono wokuthatha umoya azifanele?

Impendulo: Imiphumela engavumelekileyo yokuqondisa ukuvutha kwenza ukuthi umsitha wokuphuma kwesikhathi sobude, ukuzwakala kwezinye izikhathi, nokubuka kwezinye izikhathi isibonelo sokukhulula isibonelo sokugcina. Umkhombisi wokuvutha owathola imiphumela engavumelekileyo kwenza ukuthi i-ECU ibhalise imiphumela yokufaka isilahlaho, okuyisibonelo sokuthi isilahlaho sibe ngaphandle kwezimali noma ngaphakathi kwezimali. Abadrayivha bafunda ukuthi ukuphinda kwezinye izikhathi kungabonakala kahle futhi kubhekwa ukuthi kubhishwa kakhulu. Ukuchitha kungaqinisekanga umkhombisi owatholakile ngokungafanele. Isiphumo esihle siyokufaka umkhombisi owatholakile ngokulinganayo kwe-engine platform futhi ukususa amasimbi okufunda.

Umbuzo

Kungani izinhlangano zezinkampani zezinkampani nezinkampani zezinkampani zihlukana?

Impendulo: Izinhlangano zezinkampani zifaka isilahlaho kusukela ekuvutheni kwe-mass airflow ukuze zilinde isibonelo sokuthi isilahlaho sibe ngaphandle kwezimali, ngakho-ke izinhlangano zezinkampani zisebenzisa isinyathelo sokuvutha ukuthi kubhekelwe isibonelo sokuthi isilahlaho sibe ngaphandle kwezimali. Isinyathelo sokuvutha, isilinganiso, nokuthi kungabi nesibonelo sokuthi kubhekwa kahle kuhlukena ngaleso sinyathelo. Umkhombisi owatholakile ngaleso sinyathelo angaqiniseka ukuthi kubhekwa kahle ngaleso sinyathelo. Ukuthi kubhekwe ngokulinganayo kwezinhlangano zezinkampani kubhekwa ukuthi kungabi nesibonelo sokuthi kubhekwa kahle futhi kungabi nesibonelo sokuthi kubhekwa kahle kwezinye izikhathi.

Umbuzo

Yini okufuneka kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa isinyathelo sokuvutha esihle?

Impendulo: Hlola uhlelo lwesikhundla sokubhala isikhundla sokuphakamisa, emva kwalokho qhathanisa nge-voltmeter noma nge-scan tool. Amakhompyutha amanqanaba ayaphakama kusukela emphakathini kuye kumkhulu ngokwemithombo, ngakho-ke amakhompyutha amadijithali noma amafreqwensi kufuneka abe ne-ECU ephambanayo. Qiniseka isikhundla sokugxila nokubeka kwezimpawu kabefore ukuthenga. Ukungafanani kwesikhundla sikungenziwa kahle ngokuhlela futhi kusho okunjalo ukuthi kufanele ubuyele isikhundla esihle esifanayo.

Umbuzo

Ingakwazi-ke umshini wokuvula kwe-diesel ukufaka kwe-engine yezinkolo?

Impendulo: Amakhompyutha amaningi we-diesel nasezinkolo ayisibonelo esifanayo, kodwa ukulungiswa nokuzimela kwezinto ziyahlinzeka. Ukufaka ipharta ye-diesel kwe-engine yezinkolo kusho okunjalo ukuthi kubhekwa phansi kwezikhundla zokuvula kanye nezikhundla zokufana ngezinkolo, njengoba kubhekwa emasipaleni. Ukubonakala kahle kungabonisi ukufanana. Kufanele uhlolwe ikhowudi yomoto nokuthi kuyisiphekelo esishicilekile. Indlela enobuhle yokuqala yokuqonda isikhundla esifanayo esikhetwe yomoto.

Umbuzo

Ziziphi izinyathelo zokuhlola ezinconywa isikhundla esisha?

Impendulo: Yenza umhlangozi wokubona ukuthi kunezinkambo zemoto, amandla okuhlela, noma izinkinga zokugcina kwe-sensing element kabefore ukufaka, futhi qiniseka ukuthi isilayi sokufaka sikhanyisiwe ngokuphelele ukuhlinza ukufika kwamandla angafakwanga. Sebenzisa i-harness engakhathali, engaqondi, futhi ungakhathali isikrini esingapheli. Yenza umhlangozi wokubona isilayi emva kokufaka. Ukuthenga kusukela kusiprovayida esinezimfundo zokuzivocavoca nokuthi kunezimfundo zokufaka eziqondile kunciphisa isibonelo sokuthi ipharta engalungile iyofika ekhaya lomoto.