Iphakathi Yomthetho Wokuthi Umlayithi Wemfuyo Engaphakamisi Lishayamazwi Lokuhlola Ukusetyenziswa Kwesikhashana

Ubuchule bokusebenza kwezifuel injectors ezinhlanu

Atomization Precision nokuvula kwekombusthela

Amaphumpu avamile akhuthaza ukuvuthwa ngokontrola amadrop esiya kwezinkumbane ezingaphezu kwe-micrometer. Amasistimu angaphezulu kuka-30,000 PSI ahlela amaphawndi angaphansi kuka-100 microns futhi injini ingakombusta kabusho kahulumeni ku-2 - 3 milliseconds. Izinkinobho zokusebenza ngokuphezulu zenze ukuthi kunezinyathelo ezingu- injection, ngakho ke uhlanganise amafuel-air ratios okwengeza noma kube ngu-1% kuphela kwesinga se-stoichiometric. Le nkqubo enciphisa umphumalanga we-cylinder nge-12%, futhi ikhuthaze i-energy conversion efficiency nge-18% ngokuqhathaniswa ne-injeksheni yemikhawulo.

Ukulayisha okuningi kwe-Flow Rate ukuvikela amandla aphezulu

Ukulungisa I-Performance: Isenzo sikhulisiwe ngokwenza uhlelo phakathi kwezindlela zokungenela (kwi-intervali ye-500-800 cc/min) ngokwahlukana ngezinjani eziphumelelayo. Izinhlayiso ezinhleliwe zilinda i-±2% yesikwama apha umsebenzi wokunqatha nokubonakala kwamanzi kuhlanganisa ukushaya kwe- -40 degree Celsius to 150 degree Celsius. Kuzindlela zokusebenzisa izibhamu, amaprofayli yadizainwe ukuze kubeke uphumahlanga 8-12% (ngokongeza amandla wesilinda ngokulungisa isiqinisekiso sokunqatha futhi ukulungisa indawo yokungenela esekelwe kuqondile). Lokhu kuyenza ubuncitshisi obuncane be-crankcases, ukungena okungapheli manzi futhi uvumele kakhulu ukulungiswa komdla, futhi kube lula ukuguqula uhlelo lwesilinda. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokudizaina amandla we-orifice angenayo ukuthiwa kwe-cavitation ngama-22% ekuphelelweni kwamaxesha apheleleyo.

I-Spray Pattern Dynamics kuzindlela zokungenela zamhlanje

Izimodeli zokubalwa ubonise ukuthi kuzinga lokushisa 72°, kukhona ukuxhunywa okuhle kweyelifa nezinhlobo ngokwenjini DI. I-turbo pumps Fluid isetshenziswa faseshini 5 ukuze kakhulise intensite yekhono ngama-40%, kakhulisa amandla wokulayela ishishini kuya kuma-35 m/s. Manje izinhlobo zokulayela zisesekela izici zokushisa ngokweqile kwezikhathi ezingama-50ms, ngokwesixhobo sokwenjini, ukuthula kwezinhlobo (10 nm kuya ku-2,5 mm) ngama-18% kuzinga olulandelayo. Lokhu kweqile kwenqamulela ukuthula kwezinyawo kanye nokugcina ubunzima bokuxhunywa kusuka ku-0,8 kuya ku-2,5 ms.

Ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezimali kusuka kwezilayezo zokunywa

Le kweyintshi le ngcamango yokufaka amaphesenti e-fuel injekthini enkulu ukunciphisa ngokubalulekile nge injini yokungeniswa kanye ne injini yokulayisha. Imifanakathiso eziphambili zamakhemisi Afrika yeNtlambo kanye nezaseMpumalanga ikwazile ukuthi kune 9-15% ukongeza kwamaphepha we-injini yesilinda kanye ne 12-18% ukongeza kwe-torque yenjini yedhisela ngokushintsha kuma-injectors apho SAE International ahloleni 2023. Lezi ziphumo zitholakala ngokuphumelela kwezinyathelo ezintathu: ukuncipha kwezibhobho zefuel (ukulaya ngokushesha), ukugcinwa komkhawulo we-rail ngokuphezulu (ukungena komkhawulo we-rail), kanye nokunyuka kwezikhathi zokuvula kanye nokuvalela kwe-injector (impikiswano emangalisayo yethrottle).

Izindleko Zokuthutha Kwamaphepha Ne-Torque

Isibonelo sokuhlanganisa SAE sikhombisa ukuthi kukhona okuphela kwe-Horsepower (HP) ngama-12.7% futhu ukuthi kukhona okuphela kwetorque ngama-14.9% kwezinhlobo eziningi zemoto zokugcinwa kudynamometer. I-330hp iyakuwa ngu-372hp yaleli 2.0L Turbo Gas (ngokusebenzisa injekthini evela ngaphandle kokulandzelana noma kunye okunye). I-torque engu-580lbs-ft iyakuwa ngu-624lb-ft. Okukhethekile kuze kube yimali yokuthi i-combustion efficiency isilinda amatholakalela angama-98% ngokusebenzisa injekthini ezinjenge-8-micron fuel droplets (kunokweselwe kwezinye ezingu-15-micron), lokhu kuyakunceda ukube nezinto zizonke.

Isibonelo: Ukulethana Kwemoto Eshisayo Ngokushintsha

Isipho se-Diesel Tech Report ye-2024 sikhombisa ukuthi imoto engu-3.0L turbo-diesel ibuyekezwe ngemigqa ejengo-2000-bar piezoelectric injectors ne-pumps enobukhosi obungcono. Isiphoko sikhombisa:

Izinguquko zokwehlisa ukwehliswa kwezimpako ngama-18% ngelokho ekwazeni le nto ngokwehlisa ukusebenza, ukwazisa ukuthi okuhlelelwa kwekombhusthini ngokwehlisa ukunikeza ikhwalithi kudinga ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukwehliswa. Abasebenzisi bokuxhumana babonakalisa ukuthi ama-63% wokuphutha kwamandla ngqo kwi-injectors yabo enoma-0.1ms response time nezimboni ezine-12-hole ezine-coating.

Ukwehliswa kwezimpako Ngokwehlisa Ukunikeza Ikhwalethi

I-NOx nezimpako ezincane zokukhawuleza izindlela

Izinhla yamanzi zokubhala kwezinyukela izindlela ezingu-12—28% futhi i-PM ikhiye ukuya kuma-40% xa usebenza imithwakeli yokunyusa ngemanyenya. Le ncamelo ibindlela izinyukela kuwo amaphethini wezimali futhi kusenyekiseni ngokugcwele. Inkomba ye-2023 kwi-journal lezobuchwephesha lobufakazi bokutholile ukuthi izisemo zokuhlathwa kwamaphethini aphansi koma-3-micron ezingu-93% xa kuhlotshaniswa nezinhla zokubhala ngokuphezulu. Abasebenzisa amakhulu asebenzisa izintambo zokubhala ezingu-30,000 PSI ukuncipha inkinobho yokuthi kudingeka kunezinyathelo eziningi zokunyusa ukuze kube phephile, kube libilile nokuncipha ukungena kwezinyukela (HC) ezadlula ukuba yingxenye engu-60% ye-HC ezingeni elidlule ngenhla yezinyukela zedilesi ezifundweni.

Ukuvumelana neqembu le-Euro 6/EPA Tier 4

Iqinisekisiwe, ngokuba izikhuliso eziphambene zinezinhloso zokugcina i-NOx ezincane kune-0.4 g/kWh (Euro 6) ne-PM ezincane kune-0.01 g/bhp-hr (EPA Tier 4). Ukuhlaziywa kweminyaka engu-2024 yokuchitha kubonzele ukuthi izikhuliso zamandla ekhalase yezinhlophe zakhipha i-NOx ngo-28% okwakhiwa amandla wezindlela ezingama-91%. Izinhloso zokugcina fomu yesibili zinikeza ukuphatha okuhlelweni okuvumelana nesikhathi esifanayo okuguquguquya isikhathi sokunyukela ku-0.5° wokuqina komgca womncinci, ukwenza kaningi ukuphatha uhlobo lwamagasi/nesitshalo phakathi kwezindawo ezingcono zokulinganisa

Ukuthuthukiswa kweteknoloji yekhathuni lokudonsa

Piezo-Electric vs Solenoid Actuators

Imicabha yokunyonya kwezilindlela zokudla ngemva kokuqala Imicabha ye-fuel injector yangaphambili iyasebenza ngokusebenzisa ukunciphisa okuphezulu, futhi imicabha egunyazwe ngezinhlelo ezingaphakathi nezikhathi zokuhlolwa zingaphakathi kwe-0.1 millisecond ziyadinga izinyathelo ezi-3 ngaphandle kwezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokugcina. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okuphambili kwenze i-GP180 ikwenze amanani angama-8 wokunyonya ngalinyathelo, lokhu ekwenzake ukuthi awukhanyiswe kahle izilindlela zokudla nezilindlela zokungcola ngendlela efanelekileyo. Izinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokunyonya zizoba yimali engcono kakhulu kugeza kuzo zonke izimo, kodwa izinkomba lula ukuthi imicabha egunyazwe ngezinhlelo ingavumele ukuthuliwa kwezinhlanu zokungcola umoya ngamaphesenti angu-19 (SAE 2023). Isibonelo esimbi nguqu nguqu: imicabha egunyazwe ineedza ukusebenzisa imicabha yokubeka ivoli, ethanda amaphesenti angu-40 kumelana nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile.

Izinto ezivulwe ngokwezinhlanu zokuvikela ngokuphezulu

Izinkozi zokubhubeleka kwe-nano-ceramic ezintsha kakhulu manje zihlinza inkawula yasekhaya ye-injector ukwethana ne-corrosion engenxa yoqo lokuqukethwe kwe-ethanol, kunoma futhi ukuhlisa okuphezulu ukwenza ukwahlukahluka okuhle. Isicathami esweni ngo-2023 ngenkcazo ye-ASTM ubonise ukuthi injini enekhloshiwa iyaphila ngaphezulu kwenye engenayo ngokusha, ngekona lula kune 2% lwekwehla emva kwemilione engu-500 — 60% ngempela kune injini engenekhloshiwa. Le nkawulezo encane (1-5µm) ethunyelwe kakhulu ihlinza amandla angu-5-micron ephakeme kahle ngokugcwele ekuphileni ngokushesha phakathi kwe -40°C kanye no-300°C ngokusebenzisa indima yokudonsa izinhlobo (PVD) noma izinhlobo zokulandelana kwezinhlanhlayo ukwenza amathikili wekhloshiwa ane-98.6% kusayithi sokufakwa kuzindlela zokwabelana.

Ukungqondakala kwezimala: Ingxenye yezindleko dhawuti Ukhiqizwa Okuphambene Neqiniso

Isibhukelo se-injectors sikhala umgubu: izindleko zokuthuthukwa kuleli nyaka ezimbili ezedlule lihamba pansi ngama-70%, kodwa okuthakazelisa yileqo lebasebenzisi abayeqayo ukuthola izindleko eziphansi. Noma inkqubo ye piezo electrics iyakhiwa amandla, izindleko ezingama-$220-380 ziyakheza ukusebenziswa kwazo kuphela emibhalweni enkulu (nemboni yokuhamba ngama-15% ngokwamathilini we-turbo). Izindleko zokudlala nezinye iinkqubo zokwenza njenge-micro-laser sintering zihlinzekwa ukuba libe liphule izindleko zokudlala ngama-35%, ngenxa yokunikeza ubuninzi be-flow work upmixing flexibility ±0.25%. Le nto iphakathi kwezindleko kunye nokusebenza kuyakuphatha indlela next-gen tech njengale yo plasma-deposited wear surfaces ibe yisisekelo esikhundleni okanye isibekele.

Ukulungisa Ukuphendula Kwemoto Ngokusebenzisa Isikhathi Sokufaka

Ngokulungisa isikhathi sokunyekela, ukuphumelela okukhulu kwesiphindisiweyo kuyethulwa, kunye nokunyekela ikhowudi ngemvamvelo yesibhakabhaka. Imicabango ye-electronic ithatha inqanawa yekhowudi ngesikhundla sesipini neempawu zolungelelwaniso zokuvuka ukuze kulise ikhombo lokuvala isitanki. Incwadi ye-International Journal of Powertrains (2023) ibize ukuthi izisindhlu eziphezulu zinokwenza amathimelelo okunyekelwa angama ±0.5ms—ngokugcina kokubhakabhaka kusenokudlala kabefore ukuvulwa kwevalve yokulayisha. Le nqanawa yasentlaleni inezimpendulo ezintathu eziphambene nezindlela: ubushushu bomthelelo wokuvumela, impendulo yeziguquko kwi-throttle, neffishensi yesimoto sendawo. Leliphiro kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucacileyo kwe-regulator yokuchitha ikhowudi, isenzor yekam ya-phozishini, ne-injector ye-piezoelectric ukuze kuthathwe kuveleni imicabango engavamileyo yemoto.

Izindlela Zokuncipha Isikhathi Sokubhakabhaka

Ukuhamba kwezindawo zokuphefumula kudinga ukulawulwa kwemikrosecond ekuqondeni kwalokhu okuthi kuyilungise indlela yokuphuma kwezinhlobo. Izindlela eziphethe njalo kuzifaka:

• Ukuvula Kwesithuthi Solwandle : Dala amathiselwano athandwayo endaweni yezikhukhume ngemuva ethi akunye iyonke inqanawa
• Isicathamiyo Sokugcina Futhi Sokubegini : Ngenisa imipulsu emincane ngaphambi kokugcinwa okuprincipale ukuze uhlangene nendawo yokuphefumula
• Ukulungiswa Kwesivulo : Ukuhlela isakhiwo se nozzle sokugcina ukuze enhance intonjelwano phakathi kweyohlayitshi ne-fuel ngama-40-60%

Isiculumulelo esibonakalayo sokushlitha kweyoflow edonyekile yonqentile ukuthi izinto ezihleliwe zenzela ukunciphisa izindawo zokuphefumula ngo-30% kuzinhloti zehydrogen futhi kungeza indawo yokusebenza ngo-5%. Ngokufanayo, ukuguqula ukugcina okokuqala ngamashumi amathoba (BTDC) kuzinhloti zediesel ukunciphisa izinkawo eziningi zephasse eyoku-17%, lokhu kakhulu kucindezela izinto ezingenakho eziya kwaNOx ngokwesicelo se-Energy Reports (2023).

Izindlela Zokuhlangana Ne-ECU Ngokushesha

Izinhloso zokuhlela i-engine (ECUs) zihandlela amadatha angu-5,000+ kwe sekondi - kusuka kuzisense senqubo yokungenela amagiyela kuya kumaphethelo wokushisa kwamagiyela okugcina - ukuvutelana kuhlela izinkinobho zokunyukela. Izimpendulo eziphathwayo zilandela:

• Ukubonakala Kwemigqa Emlandelweni : Izindlela zokuthwala imali ezingu-Machine learning ezifaka phambili izikhathi ngokulula ngezinga le-oktane yenkosi nezimo zangonye
• Ukulawulwa Kwesilinda Sokuphawula : Ukufeedback kwezi-sense zeroxijen ikakhulukazi engavume ki maphethelo ethekwayo lapho kunezinto ezingaphezu
• Ukuphatha Imigqa Yezimfuneko Zokuphepha : Ukuphila kwezindawo yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa izibophelelo/izimo zokushisa zokunyukela inkunyiswa

Imipango ye-Implementation iyisembenzela ukulungisa ubude besikhathi esetshenziswa kwi-controllers ezedwa. Izisombululo eziyaya zisebenzisa izi-FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) ezisebenzisa izikhathi ezingaphezu kwe-50 microseconds - 50 heze ngokusheshayo kunemikrokontrola elula. Le misистем ingaba yekhwalithi yesibhakabhaka phakathi kwamathimba aphindaphinda ngaphezu kwe-500 rpm/second kwizilayezo eziphethekayo.

Ukukhetha I-Fuel Injectors Eningiweyo Yeezinhloso Zokusebenza

I-Gasoline Noma I-Diesel Imithwalo Yokusebenzisa

Imoto zase-Gasoline zidinga izikhombisi ezifisela impendulo (phansi kwe-2 ms) nezithuthiweyo sokuxhumana ngokulinganayo noma yini esebenza injeksheni yayo ingaba yinkosi ye-50–100 bar. Imisebenzi ye-Diesel iyadinga ukhawuleza okuphezulu kakhulu (1,800–2,500 bar) ukuze ithuthiwe isihlangu esine viscosity phakade nezinhlelo eziphathwe ngokusebenzisa amandla we-piezoelectric ukuze kwenziwe amanyikizwano amaningi. Amadifference amakhulu awukelwa ngokuhambisana kwamagama: isihlangu se-Gasoline (8:1-12:1) ngokusho sesihlangu se-Diesel (14:1-25:1), okuqinisekisa ifomu yenjeksheni futhu ukudingekile komnotho osetyenziswa emaqondweni amahlanu.

Ukuqinisekisa I-Efficiency kunye nezindlela zokuwanda kwe-Amagugu

Ngesikhathini sokunciphisa iperethi, izindleko zokulayisha kumele zenziwe ngokufanayo ne-engini noma ngaphansi kwezibonakaliso ngoba wonke amafutha ngaphezulu kwalokho ongadinga ukwenza ukulayishwa ngemiphumela emhla emhla kuyilapho kuphela ukuthi ayizokwehlisa inqanawe yekhompresheni. Ngokwesibindi, izimo ezingaphansi kwezifuel kumele kube khona ekugcineni kwe-RPM uma amafutha engayenzeki yini injekthini. Izisombululo eziphetheni zisendlela yokuthumela amafutha ngemanyenye – ukuthumela okuqala ukulawulwa kwezilayisho emanzini ngenkathi yekhanda nezindleko eziphezulu. Le ndlela ethambekile ikuvumela ukufinyelela kwezilayisho ezinhle ngemiphumela engaphezu kwe-15—20% kwezinhle ezithokozisayo ngenkathi yekhanda.

Isikhombisi Sokuqala

Yiziphi izintetho zokuthumela amafutha okwenza kakhulu?

Amathitha okuthumela amafutha okwenza kakhulu afa amandla ngokushesha kwe-atomization, ukulayisha okuhle, ukongeza amandla, nokwekisa izilayisho.

Yini amathitha okuthumela amafutha esematheni ukwekisa izilayisho?

I-injekthi yesihlathu esisha isebenza ngokusetshenziswa kwezinjekthi eziningi kanye nokulungisa kwezinhlanu zokugawula ukuze kube lula ukukhuphuka kukaNOx kanye nezinhlanu zokugawula, ukuxhumana nezimo eziphambene zase Euro 6/EPA Tier 4.

Yeyiphi indawo ephambene phakathi kwezinyukelo zika-piezo-electric kanye nezinyukelo zika-solenoid?

Izinyukelo zika-piezo-electric ziphendula kahle kodwa ziyinkimbizo kakhulu kanye nezinga eliphotha ngokulingana nezinyukelo zika-solenoid, zinikeza inkontrolu ephakeme kulezi zinjekthi eziningi.

Izinjekthi ziphumela kanjani emsindweni wokuphendula kwemitha?

Ngokulungisa izikhathi zokunyukela, izinjekthi zilungisa ukuphendula kwemitha, ukunceda kumelwe yokulayisha, ukuguqula kwezikhathi kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokushisa.

Kungaphi indawo ephambene phakathi kwezinjekthi zika-gasoline kanye nezinyukelo zika-diesel?

Izinjekthi zika-gasoline zikhetha ukuphendula kahle kanye nokushisa okucacile, apha kumele izinjekthi zika-diesel zilande izindleko eziphezulu kanye nezinhlanu ezikhanyisa ukulandlela izilungu eziphakeme.