Pūmau i te Whakamahi o te Upoko Tītaha Huarere ki te Whakatipu o te Pūmanawa o te Motokā

Ngā Tikanga Matua o ngā Kaitukawepa Kora Hau Nui

Te Tika o te Wehenga me te Whakapai ake i te Rāwekenga

Kei te whiwhi ngā kaitukawepa kora anō hoki i ngā whakapai ake ki te rāwekenga mā te whakahaere i ngā karu kora ki te taumata iti nei. Ngā punaha e 30,000 PSI te nui ake ka hanga i ngā karu e iti ake i te 100 microns te rahi, ā, ka rāwekenga tātaku te kora i roto i ngā 2 - 3 mira tākupu. Kei te whakaaetia e ngā kaitirotiro piezoelectric tika ngā mōwehenga tapa eke, nō reira kei te noho tonu te ōrau hau-kora ki te 1% o ngā uara stoichiometric. Kei te heke tēnei taumata tika i te wera ki te kauta rāwekenga 12%, ā, ka whakapai ake i te whaiwainga o te kaha 18% ina tāutuhia ki te tukawepa mekanikirana.

Whakapai ake i te Raupapa Rere hei Te Nui Rawa o te Hiko

Whakapai Tūhononga: Ko te tūhononga e whakapaihia ana mā te whakanui i ngā āhuatanga (i roto i te 500-800 cc/min) ki te heke o te pēhi ki runga i ngā huinga inihua. Ko ngā punaha kauta e mau ana i te tika o te ±2% i te wā e rerekē ai te āhua o te kora, me te uaua o te kora mai i te -40 Hōngongoi ki te 150 Hōngongoi. I ngā tautohinga turbotu, ko ngā takotoranga e whakawhanake i te kaha o te hoiho 8-12 ōrau (mā te whakapiki ake i te kaha motuhake o te silinda mā te whakatika i te tohu ki ngā ōrau kora me te whakapai ake i te tahumaero tuaroto o te inihua) mā te heke i ngā kapinga, te kore rawa o te kora ka tīhei ai te kaiwhirinaki i te whiringa ngawari ake me te whakarahi ake i te wehenga o te silinda ki te wehenga o te silinda. Ka taea tēnei mā ngā hoahoa takirua e heke i te tūpono mo te kōtukutuku umere 22% i ngā wa katoa.

Ngā Āhua Whakaputangia o ngā Pūnaha Inihua Kairangi

Ko ngā tauira rorohiko e whakaatu ana ka 72° te kō angle, kei te pai ake te whakauru hau-kora ki ngā miihini DI. Ko ngā pūmanawa Turbo e tuku atu ana i te wai kokiri ki ngā wā 5 hei whakanui i te turakina o te 40%, e whakanui ana i te tere o te arerangi arai ki te 35 m/s. Kei te tautohu ngā nuinga e whirinakitia ana i ngā āhua o te roa ki ia 50ms, kia rerekē ai te utu miihini, e heke iho ana i te 18% i ngā waehere (10 nm ki te 2,5 mm) i ngā wā neke. Kāore e whakararu i te rautaki tenei whirinakitanga i te wā kotahi me te pupuri i te pūmahara o te kaiwhakarewa mai i te 0.8 ki te 2.5 ms.

Ngā Tauwehe Kaha Kua Whakamahia mai i ngā Whakapai ake i ngā Kaiwhakauru Kora

Ko ngā whakapai ake i ngā kaihoko pūhiko o ēnehi ka tuku i te tauwehe e mōhoni ai me te rere tika ake, me te ōrite hoki ki ngā silinda. I whakaputua e ngā kaihanga matua o te ao me Aotearoa he panoni 9-15% ki te hiko (horsepower) o ngā mōhinu inu pātītī, ā, ko te tāwhai (torque) o ngā mōhinu dīeseli i panonitia ki te 12-18% mai i te whakapai ake ki ngā kaihoko pūhiko nekeneke, i tētahi rangahau a SAE International i kitea i te tau 2023. Ka eke ngā panoni nei ki te toru tikanga matua: te iti ake i te rahi o ngā karu pūhiko (kāpura tere ake), te pani tonu ake i te pāmahana o te ara pūhiko i ngā RPM teitei (kia kaua e ngaro te pāmahana o te ara), ā, me te tere ake o te wā pānui me te kapi ake o ngā kaihoko pūhiko (ariā ake te urupare o te parirau).

Nga Ingoa Hiko Me Te Tāwhai Tauwehe

I whakaatu te ako a SAE i te 12.7% HP kake ake i te tatau me te 14.9% torque kake ake i runga i ngā takotoranga mōhini e 42 i whakamahia ai te dynamometer. Ko te 330hp inaianei ko te 372hp 2.0L Turbo Gas (me te whakanui anake i ngā injectors). Ko te 580lbs-ft torque kei te 624lb-ft. Ko te mea matua ki ēnei hua ko te 98% + kaha o te tahumaero e mau ana na te 8-micron ngota kora e hoatu ana e ngā injectors (vs. stock 15-micron), e hua ai te tahumaero katoa.

Tauira Tauira: Whakapai ake i te Mahi Mahere Diesel

I te Pūrongo Hangarau Tīmata 2024 i whakauru tētahi mōhini diesel 3.0L turbo i whakapai ai ki ngā injectors piezoelectric 2000-bar me ngā pūmpara rereanō. I whakaatu ngā hua i ēnei:

Kātahi ka whakaiti i ngā huinga paraihe ki te 18% i te wā e āwhina ana i ngā whakapai ake i te mahi, e whakaatu ana kua pai ake te kaihoko mā te whakapai ake i te tuku kora. I whakamaori ngā inihini he 63% o te whakapai ake i te kaha ki te wa pātata 0.1ms o ngā kaihoko me ngā nuinga raru torehuruhuru 12-hōhonu.

Whakaitenga Whakaputanga Hau Mā te Tuku Kora Tūturu

Ngā Tikanga Whakahaere NOx me Ngā Tahumaero

Ko ngā inihana waka kua whakaiti i te nitrous oxide (NOx) 12—28% me te hanganga PM e 40% ina whakamahia ana ngā rautaki whakauru maha. Kua wehea te kaupeka ki ngā pātītī iti rawa atu tēnei tika, me te para-muri tino pai. I tētahi rangahau 2023 i te koronga puoro irirangi i kitea ai ko ngā punaha horoi nanoparticle i te whakauru atu ki ngā inihana toto hau teke ka pakaru i te 93% o te PM sub-3-micron i mua i te para-muri. Kei te whakamahi ngā kaihanga nui i ngā pēhi kaupeka 30,000 PSI hei whakaiti i te hiahia ki ngā kaupapa whakauru maha mō tētahi para-muri parurenga, heke ake hoki i ngā whakaputanga hydrocarbon (HC), i mua i te 60% o ngā whakaputanga HC i ngā wā kua hipa ki muri me ngā inihana tararewa whakatipu tuatahi.

Te arataki Euro 6/EPA Tier 4

Kua whakaaetia, na nga kaiwhakauru tika ka taea ai te noho NOx i raro i te 0.4 g/kWh (Euro 6) me te PM i raro i te 0.01 g/bhp-hr (EPA Tier 4). I tētahi whai mōhio hauātanga o te tau 2024 kua kitea ko ngā whakahoutanga o ngā kaiwhakauru i ngā tarukī Class 8 kua iti ake te NOx 28% kua tino pai ai te 91% o ngā tahumaero totohu. Ko ngā pūnaha whakapakoko whakamutunga e whakarato ana i te arataki kauta-kauta mōhiotia ka rerekē te wātaka inu i roto i te 0.5° o te raupapa pereka, hei whakahaere pai i te ōweo hau/paraihe i waenganui o ngā parirau taraweti 'nui ana mō te manatū.

Ngā Auaha ki te Hangarau Kaituku Kora

Piezo-Electric vs Solenoid Actuators

Ko ngā Pūnaha Whakauru Kora o te Aianei Ko te hangarau kaiwhakawhitinga inihua hou kei te nuinga o te wā i tēnei wā e whai ana i te tika o te whakahaere, ā ko ngā pūnaha whakahaere piezo-hiko me tō rātou wā pā reaction 0.1 miriona tāroa e toru kia tere ake i te kaiwhakawhitinga solenoid tikanga. Mā tēnei whakatairite tere ka taea e te GP180 te whakauru i te maha o ngā kōpiko ki ia wa, e whai ai i te taumata teitei o te whakauru i te hau-kora hei whakapai ake i te kaiwhakawhitinga. Ka haere tonu ngā hoahoa huinga-toru hei te utu tino iti rawa ki ngā tono rahi, engari e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhitinga piezo-hiko te whakaiti i ngā kaiwhakawhitinga takotoranga takotoranga kia 19% ki ngā injini whakauru tū (SAE 2023). Ko te take kino ko te korikori: e hiahiatia ana e ngā pūnaha piezo ngā kaiwhakahaere tohu motuhake, e tāpiri ana i te 40% ki ngā utu huihuinga tāpoi.

Ngā Wae Kotahi Rawa-nano hei Taumahatanga Tino

Ko ngā taupoki nano-ceramic o te wā kua tiakina ai te taha roto o te kauta ki te whara i ngā kora e huinga anō nei, ā, ko te whakaputanga hau nui ake hei whakapai ake i te maimoatanga. I whakamahia e ASTM i te tau 2023 tētahi whakamātau rahi, i whakaatu mai ai ko te kauta tapa kotahi e ora pounamu ana i te kauta kāore i te tapa, he iti noa te wear (he iti ake i te 2%) i muri i te 500 miriona cycled — he 60% pai ake i te kauta kāore i te tapa. Kua tiaki ake i ngā orongenga tohu-5-micron o te wai parauri ngā taupoki pakiti 1-5µm, ka tūhono hoki ki ngā mahinga o te -40°C ki te 300°C, mā te whakamahi i te deposition hau tinana (PVD) me te dinamika hau rorohiko hei tā i ngā taupoki ki te 98.6% o te mata ki ngā horopaki whanaketanga.

Te Whitinga Tari: Te Uara vs Ngā Whakauru Hōu

Kei te haere tāwhai te maakete mō ngā kauta: I piki ake te utu R&D i ngā tau e rua kua hipa ki te 70%, engari ko te mea hihiri ko te nui ake o te hunga kaiwhakamahi e tautohe ana mō ngā whakapai ake iti nei. Ahakoa he rerehua te hiko ka hana i te hiko, kei te herea tana whakamahinga ki ngā waka rangatira (me te torotoro 15% ake i te tawhio ki ngā tauira turbotiriona) te utu $220-380. Ko ngā tikanga whakangao kē, pērā i te umanga karu rerehua, ka tūtohuia kia heke i te 35% te utu whakaputanga, i te wa e tiaki ana i te ±0.25% te āhua o te rere o te kauta. Tenei huinga utu-konae whakatau pea mena ka eke atu te hangarau ake, pērā i ngā papanga kua pakaru mai i te plasma, ki te rerekētanga, ki te noho tonu ki te rohe.

Whakapaipai Hui Arataki mā te Tukunga Kauta

Ko te whakarerekē i te wā o te whakauru e āwhina ana kia eke ki te pātai tūhono hou, ka whakaurua hoki te kora hinu ki te wa o te mōwehe. Ko ngā punaha hiko anō hoki e whakatakoto ana i te wā o ngā totohu hinu me te tānga o ngā pītona me te arataki o te hau e whakakore ai i te wehenga turupō. Te Pukapuka Tuarangi o ngā Kaituku Hiko (2023) e kii ana ko ngā moiona iniana ka taea te whakauru i te tika o ±0.5ms—me te katoa o te kora e āki ai i mua i te wāhi e puta ai te hau. Ko te tika o te wā nei he whai tikanga nui ki ngā tuara e toru: te maene o te tuku torque, te upoko ki ngā panoni i te karu pāpaku, me te kaha o te makawe o te waka. Ko te mutunga ka hiahiatia te whakarewa anō i te rerekētanga o te pana rerehinu, te kaitirotiro tāngata cam me te kaituru piezoelectric hei whakapiri i ngā punaha mekanikana.

Ngā Tikanga Whakamāmā i te Roa o te Kora

Ko te whakaroa i ngā mōhio hui kau he here tikangia ki te tari mīkara hei whakahaere i ngā tukutuku whakauru e whakapai ai i te haere ake o te ahi. Ko ngā ara o nāianei ko:

• Te Whakatūnga Kaihauturu : Te waihanga i ngā takotoranga rite ki ngā poko awhio awhio mai i te wera, kei te noho ngoikera tonu te ōwe
• Te Wā Pātata Tukuna Matua : Te whakauru atu i ngā tohu iti kia māmua noa i te tukunga matua hei whakarite i ngā kauta hui
• Te Whakapai Reka : Te whakarerekē i te āhua o te nuinga hei whakapai ake i te parirau o te hau me te paraoa ki te 40-60%

I whakamahia e tētahi rangahau arotake i te tāone taraweti (CFD) i whakatauia ngā whirinakitanga o ngā nuinga e iti ake ana i te 30% i ngā mōhini wera ka whakapai ake i te kaha o te kaha ki te 5%. Anō hoki, ko te whakapōkai i te tukunga tuatahi 8° i mua i te pito runga (BTDC) i ngā tāpae torehuruhuru e iti ake ana i te piko o ngā toto kauta ki te 17%, e iti nei te tāpono i ngā kaihauturu NOx e ai ki ngā Ripoata Hauora (2023).

Ngā Ara Kotuitui ECU Real-time

Ko ngā waihanga whakahaere mōhini o te wā nui (ECU) e rerekē ana i te 5,000+ takotoranga raraunga ia hēkona - mai i ngā kaiwhakamahi hau mōhiotia ki ngā waipori whakarewa - hei tautohu whakauru ā-tinana. Ko ngā tikanga herehere matua ko:

• Whakamahinga Rorohiko Whakapapa Neihana : Ngā tikanga pūnaha e whanake haere ana i te whakaritenga ake i ngā āhua karawhiti e pa ana ki te oketāni kaimana me ngā tikanga taiao
• Te Whakahaerenga Kauta Lambda : Te whakautu anō a te kaiwhakaatu oksijeni e totohu ai i te paparorohiko tuatahi i te wā e taraweti ana
• Te Whakakaha Tāpae Whakamutunga : Te tiaki i te kaha tinana truon te whakamutungatanga kaiwhakauru e pa ana ki te pēhi/te māmā

Ko ngā uka tuku e pā ana ki te whakawātea i te roa o te rorohiko ki ngā kainoho tawhito. Ko ngā whakautu hou e whakamahi ana i ngā kaihono pūmahara (FPGA) e whakahaere ana i ngā tautohenga wā ki roto i te 50 mirihekona - 50x tere ake i ngā kainoho rorohiko noa. Kei te pupuri ake ēnei punanga i te pōturi ake i ngā panoni uara tere e neke ake i te 500 rpm/hēkona ki ngā tono mahi.

Te Kōwhiringa I Ngā Kaituhi Kora Katoa Mō Ngā Mōhini

Te Rerekētanga O Te Ingoa Whakamahinga A Kora Ki Te Dīeseli

Kei te hiahiatia e ngā mōhinu paraihe ngā kaiwhakauru i te urupare tere (kei raro i te 2 ms) me te whakaputanga tika hei waihanga i te auau kotahi o te auau hau-kora e mōhiotia ana he pēhi whakaputanga 50–100 bar. Kei te hiahiatia e ngā whakamahinga toa pene tino pēhi (1,800–2,500 bar) kia taea ai te whakaputa i te kora makuku me ngā hoahoa motuhake o ngā nuinga ki te kaiwhakahaere piezoelectric mō ngā whakaputanga maha. Ko te rerekētanga nui ko ngā utu whakapaku: ngā kora paraihe (8:1-12:1) ki te kora toa (14:1-25:1), e ārahi ana i te āhua o ngā whakaputanga me te hiahiatia hoki i te kaha o te takotoranga ki ngā tikanga pīroiroi.

Te Whakatautu i te Mahi me ngā Whakapai ake i te Kaha

Ki te whai waahi ki te whakapumau i te mahi, me tāwhai ngā āheinga o ngā wai aratau ki te kaha o te mōhini me te iti noa ake te rahi, mai i te nuinga o te kora hoki he wai pureno anake hei whakaputua i te pāpaku. I te taupua atu, ka pakaru mai te āhua parurenga i ngā wā eke haere ai te mōhini ki te RPM teitei ki te kore e tuku mai ngā kaitautu wai katoa. Ko ngā whakaeke o nui ake ka whakamahia ana ko ngā tikanga mōhiotia – ko ngā whakaeke tuatahi hei whakatika i ngā putanga i te wā e waru ana i te takotoranga tuatahi i te wā e whakamahi ana i ngā tohu matua e whakangao ana. Ka taea e tēnei tikanga wehenga te eke atu ki ngā here tūkino rawa kei te 15—20% teitei ake i te kaha o ngā mōhini penei me te turuturu.

Wāhanga FAQ

He aha ngā painga o ngā kaitautu wai kaha?

Ko ngā kaitautu wai kaha ka tuku iho i te whakariterite o te whakawhitinga, ka pai ake te whakapai ake i te kaha, ka nui ake te hiko, ka iti ake ngā putanga.

Me pēhea e murua ai ngā kaitautu wai o nui ake ngā putanga?

Ko ngā kaiwhakauru kora kaha ka whakamahi i te maha o ngā putu whakauru me te whakarere i ngā rārangi rereke hei whakaiti i te NOx me ngā rārangi whakaputanga, e whakatō ana i ngā tānaro Euro 6/EPA Tier 4.

He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā kaiwhakahaere piezo-maru me ngā kaiwhakahaere solenoid?

Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere piezo-maru ka uru atu ki te tere ake engari he uaua ake, he utu nui ake tērā i ngā kaiwhakahaere solenoid, e tuku ana i te whakahaere nui ake mō ngā maha o ngā wātaka whakauru.

Me pēhea e ngā kaiwhakauru te whakapai ake i te urupare o te mōhinu?

Mā te whakapai ake i te wā o te whakauru, ka whakapai ake ngā kaiwhakauru i te urupare o te mōhinu, e āwhina ana i te tuku toka, i ngā nekehanga karu me te whakapai ake i te kaha o te wera.

Me pēhea e ngā kaiwhakauru kora me ngā kaiwhakauru taru rerekē?

Ko ngā kaiwhakauru kora ka tā focus ki te tere uru me te tākarotia o te karu, i te wā e hiahiatia ai ngā kaiwhakauru taru i te pēhi pōpō me ngā hoahoa kaha kia taea ai te whakahaere i ngā kaiwhakauru makuku.