Te whakamāhi i ngā kaitiaki o te pūkoro

He aha te mātua o te whakamātautau i te kōrero o te crankshaft: Te painga ki te mahinga o te motor me tōna pūmau

Ko te whakamātautau wāhi o te crankshaft (CPS) te wāhi e whakamārama ana i ngā āhua o te motor—e whakamātātari ana i te wā o te whakamātātari me te whakauru i te kaihanga i te wā hurihuri. Inā heke, ngā whāinga e rere mai ana i ngā pūnaha matua:

• Te whakamātātari mātūtū o te motor , ā, īkene pea i ngā huarahi roa, e whakapāngia ana i ngā āhua haumaru o te haere
• Te tatau kāore he whakamātātari ka wāhi ai ngā kaiwhakamāhi ki waho, ā, ka tāpiri ai ngā utu nui mo te whakatōtō
• Ngā whakamātātari hāngā me te ngaro o te kaha mai i ngā whakamātātari hāngā kāore i te wā, e whakamāngai ana i te whānuitanga o ngā piston, ngā papa whakamāngai, me ngā vālve
• Kei te heke te whakamāhua o te waihanga kaha o te waihanga kaha i te 15–30% , nā ngā rōpū whakauru kāore i te whakamāmā, ka pakaru i te waihanga kaha me te pānui ake i ngā whakamātautau
• Ko ngā waihanga kaha kāore i te whakamāmā i te whakamātautau e taea ai te whakapāhiko i te kaitohutohu katalitika—ko tēnei he utu $740+ (Te Rōpū Ponemon, 2023)

Ko ngā wāhi maha e whakamāharahara ana i te wā, engari i ngā hinganga o te CPS, ka taea ngā raru te haere tonu i te wā iti. Ā, i runga i ngā raraunga mai i SAE International mō ngā whakamārama, he toru i ngā whā o ngā hinganga i te wāhi e rua ngā take matua: te whakamāharahara o te hōhi i raro i ngā manifōld hōhi, me ngā whakamāharahara o te hāngā i ngā pūnaha whakamāharahara e whakamahi ana i ngā āhua pūmau teitei. Hiahia koe kia kore ai koe e whakamāharahara? He nui ngā whakamārama tātai i tēnei wāhi. Me kāore hoki koe e tātai i ngā wāhi kia hinga kē i mua i te whakamāharahara. Me whai anō i ngā whakamārama o te kaitāwhai mō ngā whakauru, mēnā e wātea ana. Ko ēnei āhuatanga whakamāharahara he tāonga hei whakamāharahara i ngā raru iti kia kāore ai i te hinga ki ngā raru nui i muri.

Ngā whakamārama whakamāharahara mō te kaitāwhai o te kōpae me ngā whakamārama whakauru e whai ana i te OEM

Ngā wā whakauru e whāia ana e te pūnaha waka me ngā āhua haere

I tātari ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā wā e taea ai te whakakapi i te kaitiaki crankshaft, arā i te hanganga o te mōhini, i te uta tāwhai, me ngā whakamātautau—kāore i ngā ture pūmau mo ngā milī. Ko ngā mōhini iti he mōhini turbo, ā, he tata ki te 60,000 milī te whakamātautau i ia wā; ko ngā mōhini diesel hirahira anō he tata ki te 100,000 milī. Ko ngā rārangi matua ko:

Ko ngā huarahi pāpātanga me ngā huarahi tāwhai i te wāhi e tāwhai ana i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau i te whakamā......

Te whakamātautau i ngā kōhinga raru o te ECM me ngā tātai rārangi o ngā raraunga ora hei tohu mō te pakaru o mua o te sensor o te crankshaft

Ko te whakamātautau māmā i te wā tuatahi he whakamātautau i ngā kōhinga raru o te whakamātautau (DTCs) me ngā raraunga o te ECM i te wāhanga—kāore anō i te P0335 (“Te āhua o te sensor o te crankshaft ‘A’”), engari ko te āhua o te tohu i raro i te whānui. Ko ngā tohu matua ko:

• Te rerekētanga o te tohu RPM : Ngā rerekētanga e whakawhitinga ana i te ±3% i te wā o te mahi pūmau
• Te tau o ngā wa kāore he tohu : He rākau āhua mātua i te rōpū hāere, he tohu o ngā raru i ngā kōnengi, i ngā hārānī, i ngā tārua
• Te rerekētanga o te whakamātua i te timatanga : Ko te rerekētanga o te āhua o te 5° i waenganui i ngā tohu o te pūkoro me te pūkoro o te kāmaha i te whakamātua, he tohu o te huringa wā

Ko te pakaru o te hōhā o te hāngā i tēnei wā e noho ana hei whakamātautau o te rere o ngā tohu i te wā o te whakamātautau; ko ngā hāngā o te EMI e whakamātautau ana i te wā o te whakamātautau o te hāngā. Ko te whakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau tuatahi i ngā wā o te whakamātautau tāwhai, he whakamātautau whakamātautau—e whakamāmā ana i te whakamātautau hāngā, ā, e whakaiti ana i te wā whakamātautau hāngā i te 65%, ā, ko ngā whakamātautau o ngā kaiwhakamātautau ā-mātua o ASE.

Te whakamātautau i te kōrero o te pūkoro o te kōrero: ngā tohu, ngā take, me ngā tauira o ngā pakaru i te ao

Ngā tohu matua: kāore he timatanga, te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau, me ngā whakamātautau o te tachometer — kua whakamātautau ki ngā raraunga o SAE

Ko ngā whakamātautau a SAE i runga i ngā waka 12,000 e whakamātautau ana i ngā tohu e toru e whakamātautau ana i ngā pakaru o CPS i whakamātautau:

• Kāore he timatanga : E rere ana i te kōrero kāore he rārangi o ngā rārangi ki te ECM—ka whakamātua tonu te whakamātautau o te whakamātautau
• Te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau he tino noa i te whakamāmātanga, i te haere iti, i te hinga o te tohu i te wā o te mahi
• Ngā hinga o te tachometer he whakaatu kōrero kia kore he RPM i tēnei wā, e whakaatu ana i te whakamāmātanga, i te kore o te whakaputanga tohu

Kua piki ake ngā take o te whakamāmātanga o te wāhanga 40% i ngā hāngā āhua i te teperature i te wāhi i runga ake i te 95°F (35°C), e whakaatu ana i te mātātoko o te hāngā āhua. I te whakamārama i ēnei tauira—kāore i te tātai i ngā kōrero rārangi o te hāngā āhua—ka poto tonu te wā o te whakamārama, ā, ka whakakorea ngā whāinga tuarua.

Ngā kōhao o ngā hinga: te pānga o te hāngā āhua, te whakauru o te hinu, me ngā pānga o te EMI mai i ngā rāhui whakamāmātanga kaha

Ko ngā whakamārama i ngā hinga e tātai ana i ngā take matua e toru:

• Te pānga o te hāngā āhua i te whakamāmātanga roa i runga ake i te 300°F (149°C) ka pātua ngā kōhanga o ngā kaitohutohu, ā, ka pakaru ngā wāhanga Hall-effect—e noho ana i ngā rāhui turbocharged me ngā rāhui whakauru tūtahi
• Te whakauru o te hinu i te whakamāmātanga o ngā tātai o te crankshaft ka whakauru te hinu ki te tātai o te kaitohutohu, e hinga ana i te whakamāmātanga o te tohu māgnatika. Ko tēnei te take o ngā hinga i ngā wāhanga pūmau (42%) i ngā wāhanga pūmau (i te nuinga i te 120,000 mila)
• Te whakamāngō i te pūnaha hāngai (EMI) : Ko ngā kōhao whakamātua ā-hapori o te pūnaha whakamātua, i te wāhi e whakamātua ana i ngā rārangi kōhao kāore i te whakamātua i tēnei wā—ākene hoki i te wā o te whakamātua katoa

Ko te whakamātua he māmā: whakamātua ngā pākete hōhi i te tāwhai o ngā rārangi hōhi, whakamātua te tata o ngā pākete i te wā o te whakamātua i te pākete whakamātua, me te whakamahi anō i ngā kōhao whakamātua o te kaitāwhai. Ko ēnei mahi e whakakaha ana i te whakamātua o ngā hinganga tuatahi i te 70%.

Te tikanga whakamātua i te kōhao o te pūpahi me ngā whakamātua matua

Te whakamātua i te whakawhitinga o te multimeter me ngā uara o te hāngai AC, me ngā whakamātua whakaaetia/whakakoreina

Tīmata i ngā whakamātua i te whakamātua hāngai—e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakamātua ā-kaitāwhai i ngā wā katoa e wātea ana:

• Te whakamātua i te whakawhitinga : I te wā e whakamātua ana te kōhao, whakamātua te whakawhitinga i waenganui i ngā pūkoro tohu. I raro i te SAE J2034, ko ngā kōhao ā-kaitāwhai nuinga i te 500–1500 ohms—engari ko ngā pūpahi Subaru boxer e 800–2,200 Ω pea, i te wā ko ngā pūpahi V8 ā-Ford e 750–1,300 Ω pea. Ko ngā uara i waho i te rārangi he tohu o te hinganga o te kōhao roto.
• Te whakamātua i te hāngai AC whakauru anō i te kaitiaki, ā, whakamātua ngā rārangi tohu i te wā e whakamāui ana. Ko tēnei kaitiaki māmā he whakamārama pūmau o te whakamārama AC mai i te 0.5–2.0V e hāngai ana ki te RPM. Kāore he whakamārama—hei tauira, ngā pākanga tāwhai, ngā pākanga iti—e whakaatu ana i te pakaru.

Me whakamātau i ngā tāhuhu pūnaha o te kaitohutohu o te kaitono (TSBs), nā he rārangi āpiti (hei tauira, ngā mōhini BMW N52) e whai ana i te whakamātautau i te oscilloscope i le whakamātautau i te multimeter.

Te rārangi whakamātautau a mātātoko: te wāhi whakamātua, te tika o te kōneke, me te ara o te rārangi (inline-4, V6, FWD)

I mua i te whakauru, whakamātua tēnei whakamātautau mātātoko:

• Te whakamātua tāwhai me te wāhi hāngai whakamāhi i te kōneke kia whakamātua te wāhi hāngai mai i te 0.5–1.5 mm i waenganui i te tuarā o te kaitiaki me te whērere. Ko ngā pākaha kīrehe, ngā tāwhai kīrehe rānei e hāngai ana i te ngāwari o te tohu i te riri—ā, he uaua tonu i ngā mōhini inline-4 me ngā mōhini FWD tāwhai.
• Te āhua o te kōneke whakamātua hei tauira mō te whakamāharahara, ngā pīni kīrehe, te kōkōrī o te kōneke dielectric. Ko te uru o te wai he uaua i ngā kōhanga mōhini FWD i reira kāore ngā kōpae kōhanga, he rereke rānei.
• Te hauora o te rākau whakauru : Whakamātua i te ara tūtahi mai i te kaitiaki ki te ECM, ā, whakamātua ngā āhuatanga ēnei:
  • Te whakamāharahara ki ngā pātaka o te whakamāharahara (he rite tonu i ngā rākau V6 e whai ana i te ara roa)
  • Te whakarereke, te whakamāharahara rānei i ngā wāhi o te pāpā o te wā (ngā whakamāharahara i te tāwhai-4)
  • Te whakamāharahara o ngā whakamāharahara i te tāwhai o ngā turupō, o ngā kōhanga o te EGR (ngā whakamāharahara ā-hāngā me ngā whakamāharahara diesel)

Ko te whakamāharahara tika he whakamāharahara i ngā wāhi o te whakamāharahara me ngā whakamāharahara o ngā hāngā i runga i te 120°C—ngā āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana hei whakamāharahara i te whakamāharahara o ngā whakamāharahara me ngā whakamāharahara pūmau.