Amasensha Ase-Auto Asebenzayo Ngamabrandi Amahlanu Ama-automobile

Kungani Amasensha Ase-Auto Akasenziwa Ngokulinganisa: Indima Yeziprothokholi Zokusebenza Kwe-OEM

Amaphuzu Okuhlanganisa kwe-CAN bus nokubhalwa Kwamabrandi Okugcina Amagama

Namuhla izimoto zincike kakhulu kulezi zinethiwekhi zamabhasi e-CAN ukuze zikwazi ukuxhumana nge-elekthronikhi phakathi kwezingxenye zazo. Kodwa nakhu okuyiphutha: zonke izinkampani zezimoto zifaka amakhodi azo akhethekile emiyalezo (zicabange njengeminwe yedijithali) kulezi zinhlelo. Ngakho lapho othile efaka inzwa yokuthengisa ngemva kokuthengiswa engakhulumi ulimi olufanayo lwekhodi, ubuchopho bemoto buvele busho ukuthi cha futhi bungayinaki ngokuphelele isignali. Lokho kusho ukuthi inzwa iyama ukusebenza ngoba ayikwazi ukungena. Kukhona amazinga athuthukiswayo afana ne-AUTOSAR azama ukwenza wonke umuntu akhulume ulimi olufanayo, kodwa abakhiqizi abaningi basalungisa izinto ngokukhethekile ngezidingo zabo mayelana nezindaba zokuphepha, ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kahle kangakanani, nokuvikela ubuchwepheshe babo. Ngokwenhlolo-vo eyanyatheliswa ngonyaka odlule emkhakheni wokuxhumana kwezimoto, cishe imizamo engu-9 kweyishumi yokufaka izinzwa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene iyahluleka ngenxa yalezi zinkinga zokuxhumana. Futhi okuthakazelisayo ukuthi ngisho noma izixhumi zihlangana ngokomzimba, akukho okusebenzayo ngaphandle uma lezo zimpawu zedijithali zihlangana kahle.

Ukungafani kwe-ADAS nokuthi ukugcinwa kungavumelekile ngokusebenzisa izenzekelwano zezithombe zezihlathi ezingasemthethweni

Izinhlelo Zokusiza Umshayeli Ezithuthukile (ADAS) ezimotweni zanamuhla zincike kakhulu ekuhlolweni okunembile kwezinzwa okuye kwaqinisekiswa abakhiqizi ngokwabo. Izinzwa ezivela eceleni ngokuvamile azihlangabezani nalezo zidingo eziqinile uma kuziwa ekuqondaniseni ngokunemba, isikhathi sesignali, noma indlela idatha efomethiwe ngayo. Lokhu kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zokuphepha kamuva. Cabanga ngezimo lapho imoto ingakwazi khona ukuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kudingeka, noma okubi nakakhulu, ingavali nhlobo lapho kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Ukuwa komsebenzi akuyona ukuphela kwenkinga. Abakhiqizi abaningi bayosenza singabi nalutho isiqinisekiso uma bethola ukuthi othile ufake izingxenye ezingeyona ezika-OEM. Izinkampani zezimoto zithi lezi zingxenye ezisetshenziswayo azikahlolwa kahle futhi zingase zingahlanganiswa kahle nezinhlelo ezikhona. Kubashayeli, lokhu kusho izinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu: ukuvikelwa okuncishisiwe okuvela ezintweni zabo ze-ADAS kanye nomthwalo ophelele wezindleko zokulungisa. Izinombolo ziyakusekela lokhu. Ngokwemibiko yezimboni, izicelo ezingaphezu kuka-8 kwezingu-10 zewaranti ziyanqatshwa ngemva kokulungiswa kwe-ADAS okuhilela izinzwa ezingeyona eyokuqala.

Izidingo Zokuphatha Ukubalwa Kwamaphakathi Ama-Auto Ngokwesifundo Sasekhaya Nokufunda

Abasemthwini bamacine banezimithi ezinkulu ngokubalwa kwamaphakathi amahle emacine, ikakhulu izinto zokufuna njengezikhombi zomphakathi wokungena futhi izinhlangano zokubheka. Lokhu konke okubalwa akukho okunqamuka ngokuphela ngoba lokhu kubalwa kuyiphatha indlela okusebenza ngayo i-Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, kufikile imithi yegovernment, futhi kubona izivivinyo sezokuphatha esebenzisa i-ISO 26262. Uma abasemthwini bahluphele izimithi zokufunda zokwenza izinto, nangokuchitshwa kancane kuphela, izinca zokuphatha eziyisibili zingathinteka ukusebenza ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlangano zokuvikela ukuthi amacine asihluphe, ukuthi amacine ahlale emaphakathini, noma ukuthi amacine athintele isikhathi ngokwezinye zingathinteka ngokuphelele, nokuba zibonakala ngendlela efanele ngaphandle. Okunye okubonakala njengokuchitshwa kancane ngokufaka kungaba yilokho okuzosindisa lezi zinhlangano ezinengxenye yezimali kumazwe okuphatha ngokwempilo.

Ukuthi u-Toyota, u-Honda, no-Ford bavikela izilinganiso zokuhlanganisa izikhombi/izinhlangano zokubheka ngokwesifundo

Izindlela zokulungisa zihlukana kakhulu phakathi kwezibhalo zezinhloso zezinhloso ezahlukena, ngamanye amazwi ayisikhathi sokubuyekeza kusukela ku-1 model year kuya ku-1. Faka i-Toyota njengomzekelo, owabona ngokuvamile ukuthi kufanele kube phakathi kwe-0.15 degrees ngokuphakama noma ngokuzula lapho kufakwa izikhamera zokubuka phambili. I-Honda iyasiza kakhulu, futhi iyathatha isikhathi sokuthi kufanele kube phakathi kwe-0.10 degrees noma kusho kakhulu. Amashini e-Ford F-150 amasha ayisikhathi sokubuyekeza kakhulu ngalokho okufanele kufakwe amaduli we-radar, futhi kufanele kufakwe ngokuphakama kwe-1 millimeter kuphela kusukela kwezinhloso zasekhaya. Lezi zinhloso ezinkulu zibalulekile ngoba izindawo zokulungisa izinhloso ziyadinga izinkampani ezithile nezinhloso ezithile zokusebenza ngokwesibhalo noma ngokwemodel yazo. Izindlela ezingenabizo zingafanele kakhulu manje ngoba ukulungisa okungafanele kungadala izinhloso zokuhlanganisa ezibalulekile njenge-lane departure warnings ne-adaptive cruise control.

Izinkampani zokulungisa ezithile (isibhalo: i-GM GDS2, i-Ford IDS) nezinhloso zokuxhumana nazo

Abahambisi babayi bavula ukufikelela kwezikhombi ngokusebenzisa izivimba zabo zokuhlela. Faka isibonelo sikaGeneral Motors i-GDS2 noma kaFord i-IDS. Lezi zivimba zihlolwa izinombolo zokubhalwa kwemoto ngokusebenzisa ukuvimbela nokwenza ukubheka kwezifundo zokubhala (firmware handshake) ukuqinisekisa izikhombi. Uma abasemthethweni bakhuluma izikhombi ngokusebenzisa izinkampani ezingenabizo noma izinkampani eziningi, izinkinga zibegcina. Ikhompyutha yemoto ibhala amakhodi okucinga, izinhlangano zokuhlela umsebenzi wokuphatha imoto (advanced driver assistance systems) azikwazi ukusebenza kahle, futhi konke ukuvikelwa okusemva kokubuyisela kuzoba kususwa. Kumaqondweni okuhlela emaphakathini, lokhu kuthiwa ukuthi kufanele bahlale bafunde izivimba zezinhlangano zokuhlela zokubuyisela ngalinye ngonyaka. Ighandhi libhala inkulu kunezinkulu zemalithu ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenza izinkinga eziningi ngoba kwenza ukuthi izikhombi zezinhlangano ezihlukene azikwazi ukusebenza ngokuhambisana. Ngokushesha, kwenza ukuthi izinhlangano zokubuyisela zibe nendawo yokubhekisa ngokuphelele kuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele zisenze emva kokuthenga umuntu imoto.

Ukuphakanyiswa Kweteknoloji: Indlela Ophakanyiswe Ngayo Isi-architectures Sesensha Kusobala Ukubaluleka Kwesensha Esilungileyo Kuzo Zonke Izibizo Zemoto

Isi-architectures Sika-Tesla Sokubona Kwanokwesibili vs. Ukugcina Kwesensha Yokubona Nokugcina Kwesensha Yokubona Ngokusebenzisa I-radar/lidar Kwezibizo Zemoto ZaseJalimane NaseJapan

Indlela eTesla ibuyela kulo isistimu yalo iyisibonelo esihlukile kakhulu kunye nesinye. Bayasebenzisa ngokwanele izikhamera zezinkambo ezide kakhulu ezifaka izinformesheni emaphakathi kwezinhlanzi zezincwadi ezizwele kakhulu kwezindlela zokuphatha kwezindawo zezomthwana zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezinkambo zezink......

I-sensor fusion logic kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-ECU njengokuvimbela ukuhambisana okuqinile

I-ECU isebenza njengendawo eyinhloko yokwenza izinqumo, ihumusha okufakwayo kwezinzwa ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms agxilile, ahlukile kumkhiqizo. Lezi zinhlelo zinikeza izisindo ezizimele emifudlaneni yedathangokwesibonelo, i-OEM eyodwa ingabela ithonya elingu-70% ekufakweni kwe-radar ngezinqumo zokubopha, kanti enye ibeka phambili ukubikezela umkhondo ovela ku-Lidar. Lokhu kudala izithiyo zokungeniswa ezingakhulumeki:

• Izidingo zokujwayelekile kwedatha zihluka kakhulu (isb., ukubekezelelana kokuvumelanisa isikhathi se-timestamp esingu-±2ms vs. ±5ms)
• Ama-ECU enza ukuqinisekiswa kwe-sensor okufihliwe ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, hhayi nje lapho eqalisa kodwa ngokuqhubekayo
• I-control logic ilindele izakhiwo zedatha ezichazwe ngokuqinile (isb., ama-Cartesian XYZ coordinates ngokumelene nama-vector polar noma i-bounding-box metadata)
  Nakuba usebenzisa amapadetha emithambo noma amapatchi wefirmware, lezi ziqondiso zokuphulaphula kwe-protocol nokuthi kuzo zizigaba zokuphulaphula kuzo zihlala zisibeka ngokungafanele kusistimu, zibeka izikodi zokufunda ukungafanele, noma—kubuhlungu—kukhona ukungafanele kwezinhlangano zokuphepha.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani amasensha wemoto ayikwenzeki kusinye nesinye sesizinda semoto?

Amasensha wemoto ayikwenzeki kusinye nesinye sesizinda semoto ngokwesibonelo sokuthi kuyasebenza ngokulinganisa isistimu yokuqhubeka kwe-OEM futhi kuyasebenza ngokulinganisa ukuthi kuyakhuluma. Umphathi wenyathelo uyisebenzisa izikodi zomshado ozimfushane futhi ukuthi kuyalinganiswa ngokulinganisa, okunika ubudlelwane obukhulu kubantu abangasebenzisa izinto ezingafani nezika-OEM ukusebenza ngokulinganisa ngezisistimu zabo.

Kuzoba kuphi uma ngisebenzisa umsensha awungabi ka-OEM emoto yami?

Ukusebenzisa umsensha awungabi ka-OEM ungahlela ukungasebenzi kwezinhlangano zokuhlonipha umdlali (ADAS), izinkinga zokuphepha, futhi ukuvuleka kwemibono yokuqinisa. Amasensha awungabi ka-OEM ayikwazi ukuthi aqinisekise ukulinganisa nokuthi akwazi ukuthi asebenze ngokulinganisa kwezinhlangano zokuthenga.