EN
Te Tīmatanga Matua o te Kākahu Whakatū ahi i te Tīmatanga Whakaputangia
I te waitohu iti-kiko ki te kaha nui ahi: te prosihia huri kaha o te kākahu whakatū ahi
Ko te kōwae whakaoho te wāhi matua e hono ana i waenganui i te pūnaha hiko 12-volt o te motokā me ngā whetū kaha e hiahiatia ana hei whakaoho i te pūngao i roto i te pūkaha. E whakawhirinaki ana ēnei kōwae ki te hikohiko āhua mārō hei huri i te nāianei e rere ana i te kōkiri tuatahi o te kōwiri whakawera. Ina tupu tēnei, ka taka te āpure autō, ka hanga i tētahi piki nui o te ngaohiko i roto i te kōkiri tuarua, i te nuinga o te wā i tētahi wāhi i runga ake i te 30 mano volts. Kua whakakapihia e tēnei whakatūnga katoa ngā wāhi whakapā pūkaha tawhito i whakamahia hei whakakakahu i te wā e puta ana i ngā raruraru wā. He aha te painga? Ka noho tonu te wā o te whetū ki te taumata o te microsecond. Ka taea e te nuinga o ngā kōwae whakawera hou te mahi pono mō te neke atu i te 100 mano huringa i mua i te whakaatu i ngā tohu o te kakau, te heke rānei o te mahi.
Me pēhea te tika o te wā, te tere o te piki o te ngaohiko, me te mana o te noho, e pā ana ki te hanga o te pū o te mura
Ko te tīmata o te kōpua ahi heke ana i runga i ngā aratau e toru e herea ana e te karaehe whakauru:
- Te pono o te wā tataki (±0.1° kona karaka): He mea nui mō te whakahaere CNG parurenga, kei heke ai te wāhi whakauru—parurenga ~40% ki te tārā auroa—me te here hāpai tika ki te takotoranga o te pistoni
- Te tere whakapakari aha (>1 kV/µs): Whakaritea te pakaru tōaitanga totohu aha ahakoa ngā panonitanga pēhanga silinda e taea ana pea ki te 300 psi
- Te here roronga (1.5–3.5 ms): Panonihia ā-wātea te wā taraweti coil kia hoatu ai ≥3.0 mJ o te kaha aha, i te whakahaere anō i te utauma wera
Ko ngā raraunga mara mai i ngā whakamātautau EPA-whakaaetia kua whakaaetia mō ngā kōpara kōpara hauora e whakaatu ana ko ngā wehenga e piki ake i te 5% i roto i ēnei aratau ka piki ake te maha o ngā waahi kore e taea te whakatuu ana, e wātea ana i ngā tikanga λ = 1.6.
Ngā Hiahia Kaha Whakauru mō te Uruwhenua Oti CNG
Ko te take e hiahiatia ai te waro pūtau tāwaho nui ake i te 2 ki te 3 ngā wā mō te nui ake o te hiko kia whakauru ai i te nuinga o te paraffin he mea e hāngai ana ki ētahi take. Tuatahi, ka rere ke te CNG i te tere iti ake i te paraffin, ko te tere awhiwhi o te ahi he 0.38 mita ia hēkona tata ki te 0.8m/s mō te paraffin. Kātahi ka tū mai anō te take o te waerenga whakamomori tino whānui a CNG i te 5 ki te 15 ōrau tūponotanga i te 1.4 ki te 7.6 ōrau mō te paraffin. Anō, ina tino raruraru, ina tino pakari ana ngā tikanga ki roto o ērā whare pā, he māmā ake a CNG kia patua noa. Ko ēnei āhuatanga katoa he tikanga mā ngā tohu awhiwhi e mahi uaua ake, roa ake kia tīmata ai te ahi tuatahi, kia āhua atamira ai i te tōtika katoa o te wāhanga pā, ina nui ake, ina hou ake ngā karu pā.
Ngā tātaitanga mataara: 2.5–4.5 mJ hei whanaketanga tūpono mō te CNG i ngā takotoranga raruraru, nui te whakakī
Ngā akoarotake ā-mātai—pērā i te Pukapuka Tākarotia o SAE International 2021-01-0556—whakapumautia ana ko te pāmu maroke CNG e here ana ki te nui o te kiko tīwai kua tukuna, arā, 2.5–4.5 mJ. Ko te pikinga o tēnei pae e hua ana i ngā take e toru e pā ana ki te tētahi:
- Ngā herehere o te pāmu māpiro : Ko te maha o te hau e whakāhua ai i te whakapau o te parikara, e whakāhua ai i te wā e hia ana kia tipu ai te kōpua
- Whakakīrito i te parikara : Ko te EGR e whakapau ake ai i te kiko tīwai e te 30–40% mā te heke i te wera o te parikara me te maha o ngā karapoti
- Ngā aronga toki : Ko ngā mōhinī e pā ana ki te pāmu hāngai e pā ana ki ngā pēke e pā ana ki te 300 psi, e whakapau ake ai i te kaha o te ītiti me te whakāhua i te pāmu māmu i te tīmatanga
Kia tutuki ai tēnei here, ko ngā kāhua hōpū hou e whakamahi ana i ngā whakaputanga maha me ngā wā pāmu roa (>1.5 ms), kia āhua kaha ai te pāmu, ā, ahakoa i te pānga o te hau me te kai e piki ake ana i λ = 1.5.
Te Roa o te Kiko Tīwai me Tōna Pānga ki te Pumau o te Pāmu
Te roa tika o te kiko (1.2–2.0 ms) hei tautoko i te tipunga tuatahi o te ahi i ngā kai pāmu
Ina mahi ana ki ngā rīwhi kākahu, pērā i te kātahi i takotoria te rākau aituā (CNG), me pūnoa te pātua roa ake i te tikanga mō ngā hiniana parirau noa mēnā e hiahia ana koe ki te whanaketanga tika i te kātahi. E ai ki ngā kitenga mai i te Pukapuka Rangahau Hiniana o te Ao, ko te 1.2 ki te 2 miratihimita e rite ana ki te pātua pūmau ka rere kei te pātua māmā me te nuinga o te whakakī. Ka āwhina te wā hāngai ake i te pātua i te rere tere a CNG, ā, ka taea ai te tipu aua itiiti ki mua i ngā mea pērā i te wera ngākau, i te huri hau rānei e kino ai i a rātou. Mēnā he poto te pātua, he iti ake i te 1.2 miratihimita, ka tīmata te rerekētanga i te mahi a te hiniana me te kātahi kāore i te katoa. Ka piro ake tēnei i ngā takotoranga e pā ana ki te pātua takitahi, ki ngā pūnaha hoki i te hokinga i ngā rīwhi hiniana i te taha o te CNG.
Ngā whakaekenga i waenganui i te roa roa, ngā teka mō te kōpae māmā, me te pūmau o te kāmuta
Ko te whānuitanga i te wā o te tīwai e pā ana ki ngā utu mōhio pūkenga:
- Ngā pānga hiheatanga o te coil : Ko ia 0.5 ms atu ka whakapau ake i te 40°C i te temparatura rerekētanga o te coil, ka piki ake te mōrearea o te pakaru o te takotoranga whakamātautau me te tīwai
- Te māmātanga o te kapa : Ko te rere tata o te waea e huritau ana i te wareware o te arorangi, āhuareka rawa atu i ngā kaiwhakahaere IGBT-rua MOSFET e mahi ana i te pae hiheatanga hoahoa
- Te heke iho o te kaha tīwai : Ko ngā roanga wā e pā ana ki te heke iho o te volta, e māmā ai te kaha tīwai rerekētanga, ā, e tika ana kia whakakaha ai i te parirau i ngā taiao toki haupapa
Ka māmā ngā kapa tīwai matua i ēnei mōrearea trāwhara i ngā monitioring rerekētanga hihii me ngā algoritim āhuatanga—ka tiakina ai te rama kaukau engari kia kaua ai te tino roa o te whakamātau.
FAQ
He aha te tuanui matua o te kapa tīwai?
Ko te kapa tīwai hei hono i te pūmahara hiko o te karu ki ngā tīwai kaha e hiahiatia ana kia hoko hukapapa i roto i te mōhinī, e huri ana i ngā hainatanga volta iti ki ngā tīwai kaha teitei.
He aha te take e hiahiatia ai te nui ake o te nui o te mātau mō CNG i te tāpoi?
E hiahiatia ana te nui ake o te nui mō CNG mā te āhua whakapōkai ake, te whānui o te takiwā whakapōuri, me te māmātia ki te pānga tāpuhi me te pānga pōpōuri.
He aha te take e noho pūmau ana te wā o te mātau mō te whakapōuri CNG?
Ko te roa ake o te wā o te mātau e tiaki ana i te mātau pūmau mō CNG mā te āwhina i ana āhua whakapōkai ake me te tautoko i te rāwekenga tuatahi o te ahi, ātaahua rānei i ngā paru kāore i te katoa.